1
00:00:56,480 --> 00:01:03,280
Good morning. Up with you!
- You must all go to school, Ra'ida!

2
00:01:03,440 --> 00:01:08,680
Up with you!
It's time to go to school.

3
00:01:08,840 --> 00:01:11,400
Come on now, Samar. Wake up now.

4
00:01:11,560 --> 00:01:18,840
- There is only school in the afternoon.
- No, it's in the morning.

5
00:01:19,000 --> 00:01:22,280
Shuroug, up!
It's morning now, baby.

6
00:01:22,440 --> 00:01:26,480
-Why is that?
- Because everyone goes to school.

7
00:01:26,640 --> 00:01:30,000
The curfew is over now.

8
00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:40,160
are you awake Do you want to fall asleep again?
Give me a kiss!

9
00:01:42,560 --> 00:01:45,040
Go back to sleep, you.

10
00:02:07,080 --> 00:02:10,200
You are late. The time is 06.35.

11
00:02:10,360 --> 00:02:13,880
I don't want any bread.
I want to get going.

12
00:02:14,040 --> 00:02:21,600
- But you have to eat breakfast.
- I don't want that. Hope I die.

13
00:02:27,120 --> 00:02:30,160
What do you know about Jabalia?

14
00:02:30,320 --> 00:02:33,320
We know exactly what we need to know.

15
00:02:33,480 --> 00:02:38,080
What then?
I know nothing at all about this place.

16
00:02:38,240 --> 00:02:43,320
It has been a refugee camp for 40 years.
This is how they live and this is how they want to live.

17
00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:47,120
What you just saw is all there is to see.

18
00:02:48,160 --> 00:02:50,080
What are you doing here on the roof?

19
00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:54,560
Checking that everything is calm.
What are we doing in there?

20
00:02:54,720 --> 00:02:59,960
We sit here and they do their thing.
We're just doing our job.

21
00:03:00,120 --> 00:03:04,280
We do not interfere in their lives.

22
00:03:08,080 --> 00:03:14,040
You are late. Hurry up!

23
00:03:23,640 --> 00:03:29,160
We don't like to sit and monitor them.
Not our commanders either.

24
00:03:30,480 --> 00:03:35,600
The Palestinians don't like it either, so that
is a problem. How would you solve it?

25
00:03:35,760 --> 00:03:39,240
-I? I would give it all back.
-To whom?

26
00:03:39,400 --> 00:03:43,480
- The Palestinians. West Bank and Gaza.
- That's how I feel too.

27
00:03:43,640 --> 00:03:50,880
- But Israel doesn't want to negotiate, right?
- When they get a counterparty, they will probably do it.

28
00:03:51,040 --> 00:03:54,600
Then Israel might have a new government
who want to negotiate.

29
00:03:54,760 --> 00:03:57,760
Thank you very much.

30
00:03:59,440 --> 00:04:05,800
I promise there are much nicer
places to photograph than this one.

31
00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:10,400
I can suggest some,
if you are interested...

32
00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:17,360
-What is wrong with this place?
- Nothing, but what's interesting about it?

33
00:04:17,520 --> 00:04:20,600
– What do you want to know?
- The solution to the problem.

34
00:04:20,760 --> 00:04:27,800
We have none. If we had a solution,
we probably wouldn't have been here.

35
00:05:30,160 --> 00:05:33,080
Text from card catalogue:

36
00:05:55,360 --> 00:06:01,440
One spring day in 1948, the Palestine Post could
under big headlines proclaim–

37
00:06:01,600 --> 00:06:06,800
-that the state of Israel was born. Now have
Israel celebrated its tenth national day–

38
00:06:06,960 --> 00:06:12,800
-with religious processions, torches-
trains, dance games, sports competitions.

39
00:06:23,800 --> 00:06:26,840
Zionist colonization of Israel–

40
00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:32,240
- it started
long before the state of Israel existed.

41
00:06:32,400 --> 00:06:37,480
This photo was taken in 1909.
Some colonists founded a new town.

42
00:06:37,640 --> 00:06:41,240
They named the place Tel Aviv
– "hill of spring".

43
00:06:41,400 --> 00:06:45,760
Today, this is spreading
a city of 300,000 inhabitants–

44
00:06:45,920 --> 00:06:52,280
–with large industries. It's a city
with a fast pulsating rhythm of life.

45
00:06:59,760 --> 00:07:04,360
In the 1920s, Jerusalem was just
a simple provincial town.

46
00:07:04,520 --> 00:07:10,800
Now the Jewish part of it
4,000-year-old city, the capital of Israel.

47
00:07:16,880 --> 00:07:19,840
So how did all this happen?

48
00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:24,720
Yes, before we enter
on today's current situation–

49
00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:28,600
- then I will roughly outline
the background–

50
00:07:28,760 --> 00:07:35,120
- which can perhaps give a little more depth
perspective on today's Israel.

51
00:07:35,280 --> 00:07:38,480
The movement we call Zionism–

52
00:07:38,640 --> 00:07:41,920
-it arose, so to speak,
in the wake–

53
00:07:42,080 --> 00:07:48,520
-on the various nationality movements
in Europe during the 19th century.

54
00:07:48,680 --> 00:07:51,400
There were many Jewish intellectuals–

55
00:07:51,560 --> 00:07:56,280
– who was arrested
of despair and despair–

56
00:07:56,440 --> 00:08:01,040
– under pressure
of the anti-Semitic currents–

57
00:08:01,200 --> 00:08:03,360
–in Germany and France–

58
00:08:03,520 --> 00:08:07,840
-and the persecutions of the Jews, the pogroms,
in Poland and Russia–

59
00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:11,760
-during the second half of the 19th century.

60
00:08:11,920 --> 00:08:17,680
They held back in their bitterness
on that Zion longing–

61
00:08:17,840 --> 00:08:24,160
–as the Jewish religion had
preserved century after century.

62
00:08:24,320 --> 00:08:28,320
They also wanted to found
a new, free society–

63
00:08:28,480 --> 00:08:32,440
– which was free
from class hatred and class struggles.

64
00:08:33,560 --> 00:08:36,960
The work that began
the modern political Zionism–

65
00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:40,320
- it was Theodor Herzl
Der Judenstaat.

66
00:08:40,480 --> 00:08:45,760
It was his iron will that managed
the various Zionist associations–

67
00:08:45,920 --> 00:08:50,680
- to join together
to a unified world organization.

68
00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:55,640
In the meantime so worked
the organization's management–

69
00:08:55,800 --> 00:09:00,000
– on enlisting support and sympathy
from the great powers.

70
00:09:00,160 --> 00:09:04,600
And the British government said
in the Balfour Declaration–

71
00:09:04,760 --> 00:09:09,560
- that it saw with approval that
a national home was established–

72
00:09:09,720 --> 00:09:13,320
– for the Jewish people in Palestine.

73
00:09:14,760 --> 00:09:18,680
So did Britain
after World War I–

74
00:09:18,840 --> 00:09:21,880
-League of Nations mandate
over Palestine.

75
00:09:22,040 --> 00:09:25,080
The Jewish immigration
get down to business.

76
00:09:25,240 --> 00:09:28,480
From 1920
until World War II–

77
00:09:28,640 --> 00:09:33,440
-so the Jewish population increased
in numbers from around 80,000–

78
00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:36,080
- to nearly half a million.

79
00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:40,160
But this beautiful medal—

80
00:09:40,320 --> 00:09:44,400
-it had a very ugly one
and very serious backside.

81
00:09:45,320 --> 00:09:48,640
The British had namely
during World War I–

82
00:09:48,800 --> 00:09:52,760
–pulled a little too many gears
on the future.

83
00:09:52,920 --> 00:09:58,560
They had also given the Arabs
promises of national independence.

84
00:09:59,240 --> 00:10:05,720
And in the mid-30s broke
a major Arab uprising in Palestine.

85
00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:10,280
Finally,
just before World War II–

86
00:10:10,440 --> 00:10:16,440
-Britain gave in
for Arab nationalism.

87
00:10:16,600 --> 00:10:21,080
The British government explained
that Palestine within ten years–

88
00:10:21,240 --> 00:10:23,800
–would become an Arab state–

89
00:10:23,960 --> 00:10:28,360
-where the Jews would only be allowed to have
minority rights.

90
00:10:32,960 --> 00:10:40,400
While millions of Jews were exterminated
in Hitler's gas chambers...

91
00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:45,040
...then the gates of Palestine were closed–

92
00:10:45,200 --> 00:10:52,120
– for the human debris that succeeded
escape from occupied Europe.

93
00:11:29,320 --> 00:11:33,880
In the mid-40s exploded
Jewish Resistance Bombs–

94
00:11:34,040 --> 00:11:39,720
-everywhere in Palestine. It was
a time of violent attacks–

95
00:11:39,880 --> 00:11:43,200
–from the Jewish terrorist leagues
Irgun and Stern.

96
00:11:43,360 --> 00:11:47,800
Britain decided to shoot it
troublesome Palestine issue away–

97
00:11:47,960 --> 00:11:51,400
– and hand over the mandate
to the United Nations.

98
00:11:53,040 --> 00:11:56,080
The delegates discuss
a partition of Palestine–

99
00:11:56,240 --> 00:11:58,280
–in a Jewish and an Arab state.

100
00:11:58,440 --> 00:12:02,040
Although the Arabs
rather fight than give in–

101
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– the congregation votes for division.

102
00:12:05,720 --> 00:12:10,440
According to the UN Commission
then the Arab state would include–

103
00:12:10,600 --> 00:12:15,240
-western Galilee, Samaria
and Judea.

104
00:12:15,400 --> 00:12:20,000
The Israeli state
would include eastern Galilee–

105
00:12:20,160 --> 00:12:22,920
– and beyond the coastal plain
along the Mediterranean–

106
00:12:23,080 --> 00:12:27,600
-from Haifa
to the area south of Tel Aviv.

107
00:12:27,760 --> 00:12:34,240
Israel would also get
the main part of the great Negev desert.

108
00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:40,280
Jerusalem would neither become Arab
or Jewish, but managed by the UN.

109
00:12:42,200 --> 00:12:47,440
On May 14, 1948
the British Mandate ended–

110
00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:54,080
-and the Union Jack was hauled last
the passage of the British in Palestine.

111
00:12:58,400 --> 00:13:01,600
The strong man of the Jews,
David Ben-Gurion–

112
00:13:01,760 --> 00:13:07,480
-now proclaimed the first Jewish
the state in Palestine for nearly 2,000 years.

113
00:13:17,440 --> 00:13:22,640
Israel's independence became the signal
to the invasion of the Arab states.

114
00:13:22,800 --> 00:13:27,800
Egyptian forces attacked from the south,
Syrian and Iraqi from the north.

115
00:13:27,960 --> 00:13:30,240
The famous Transjordanian
Arab Legion–

116
00:13:30,400 --> 00:13:36,080
– pushed, as we can see here,
into the old city of Jerusalem.

117
00:13:36,680 --> 00:13:41,040
But the Israeli forces built
up during the final phase of the mandate–

118
00:13:41,200 --> 00:13:46,520
-offered stiff resistance, and soon seized
the initiative in the north and south.

119
00:13:48,160 --> 00:13:54,320
Arab refugees fled Palestine
to Transjordan and the Gaza Strip.

120
00:14:02,520 --> 00:14:08,920
Through the armistice, Israel became
somewhat larger than the UN had envisioned.

121
00:14:09,080 --> 00:14:13,400
In Jerusalem went the demarcation line
across town.

122
00:14:13,560 --> 00:14:18,680
The old city stopped
in the hands of the Jordanian Arab Legion.

123
00:14:46,640 --> 00:14:49,360
My name is Mirjam Lederberger.

124
00:14:49,520 --> 00:14:55,840
I emigrated to Israel at
the founding of the state in 1948 from Sweden.

125
00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:58,800
Regarding the housing issue–

126
00:14:58,960 --> 00:15:03,840
- then you can buy a floor for
very convenient installment terms.

127
00:15:05,520 --> 00:15:11,120
Around the corner I have a self-service
store where I shop, then I know–

128
00:15:11,280 --> 00:15:16,280
-that dairy products and vegetables
is day-fresh from the farms.

129
00:15:16,440 --> 00:15:21,120
Not far from my residence
there is a clinic with our family doctor.

130
00:15:21,280 --> 00:15:26,080
In case of hospitalization
does the health insurance fund have its own hospitals–

131
00:15:26,240 --> 00:15:32,480
-some of them built after
Swedish pattern, where all care is free.

132
00:15:34,120 --> 00:15:40,120
The State of Israel is one of the world's youngest.

133
00:15:40,280 --> 00:15:47,600
And it has been established by one of
the world's oldest people, 4,000 years old–

134
00:15:47,760 --> 00:15:55,120
–after 2,000 years of dispersal
and unprecedented persecutions.

135
00:15:56,120 --> 00:16:03,000
It bears a great, valuable legacy from it
past, but is facing the future.

136
00:16:04,720 --> 00:16:10,480
This is Avdat in the middle of the Negev desert.
Here, it rains less than 200 mm a year.

137
00:16:10,640 --> 00:16:14,960
The water is the main problem
at the cultivation of the desert.

138
00:16:15,120 --> 00:16:17,400
Its soil is often fertile.

139
00:16:17,560 --> 00:16:22,160
Let's hear what the Minister of Agriculture
General Moshe Dayan has to say.

140
00:16:22,320 --> 00:16:27,720
We have our water in the northern part of the country.

141
00:16:27,880 --> 00:16:32,960
And the main precipitation
falls in the northern part of the country–

142
00:16:33,120 --> 00:16:37,520
–while most of the earth
located in the southern part of the country.

143
00:16:37,680 --> 00:16:40,680
Through these pipes
comes the rainy north–

144
00:16:40,840 --> 00:16:47,160
-to extinguish the rain-poor south
insatiable thirst and heal the wounds of the desert.

145
00:16:59,960 --> 00:17:04,320
In this parched land
has dedication and knowledge–

146
00:17:04,480 --> 00:17:09,760
-finally made the visions of millennia
to reality.

147
00:17:16,320 --> 00:17:20,920
Before the Jews cultivated this land
was it a land of forestless mountains–

148
00:17:21,080 --> 00:17:25,960
–scorched earth, hopelessness,
misery and begging.

149
00:17:28,200 --> 00:17:30,680
This is the pride of Israel.

150
00:17:30,840 --> 00:17:36,680
Every tree we see on the way down from
Jerusalem and Tel Aviv are planted.

151
00:17:36,840 --> 00:17:39,840
Many of these trees are donated.

152
00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:45,520
All these trees are a people's gift
to his land, to its future.

153
00:17:50,840 --> 00:17:54,480
It's hard to say
what is most incomparable:

154
00:17:54,640 --> 00:17:57,200
The restoration of Israel
after 2,000 years–

155
00:17:57,360 --> 00:18:01,800
–or the amalgamation of a million
immigrants from 102 different countries–

156
00:18:01,960 --> 00:18:07,840
–speaking 72 different languages,
into a moral and cultural unity.

157
00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:12,000
A whole world doubted,
but the wonder is a fact.

158
00:18:28,680 --> 00:18:32,800
What then does Israel mean to it
that there was prepared not only refuge–

159
00:18:32,960 --> 00:18:36,160
– but also home and a new future?

160
00:18:37,480 --> 00:18:42,040
I was born in Poland
where I received a Zionist upbringing.

161
00:18:42,200 --> 00:18:46,240
The difficult experiences
in the concentration camps–

162
00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:51,120
– has further strengthened
my quest to come to Israel.

163
00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:58,600
After the war I had a wonderful time
in Sweden where I got a home.

164
00:18:58,760 --> 00:19:04,000
I enjoyed myself very much, got
a new faith in life and people.

165
00:19:04,160 --> 00:19:08,440
But despite this
is it only here in israel–

166
00:19:08,600 --> 00:19:12,360
-where I can care
the memory of my murdered family.

167
00:19:47,360 --> 00:19:52,960
The bulk of the country's 200,000 Arabs
lives in Galilee and in the Negev.

168
00:19:53,120 --> 00:19:56,920
The Arabs have
full civil rights–

169
00:19:57,080 --> 00:20:00,960
– right to vote, own political parties
and representatives in the Knesset.

170
00:20:01,120 --> 00:20:04,920
The Arabs, however, do not serve
in the army.

171
00:20:05,080 --> 00:20:09,880
Gender equality
gives the Arab woman the right to vote–

172
00:20:10,040 --> 00:20:13,880
-right to equal pay and the same
educational opportunities as the man.

173
00:20:14,040 --> 00:20:18,240
Slowly this loosens up
the patriarchal approach.

174
00:20:36,560 --> 00:20:42,480
I recently published a book
which is called Jerusalem in barbed wire.

175
00:20:53,400 --> 00:20:58,880
I have to say that I, like
most travelers who get there–

176
00:20:59,040 --> 00:21:02,720
-was struck by the seriousness of the problems.

177
00:21:02,880 --> 00:21:07,000
The most urgent is of course
the question of the Arab refugees.

178
00:21:07,160 --> 00:21:10,240
Arabs who are now staying
mostly in Jordan–

179
00:21:10,400 --> 00:21:16,320
–200,000 in Egypt, 100,000
in Lebanon and some in Syria.

180
00:21:16,480 --> 00:21:21,120
These refugees have not been able to
absorbed in the Arab world.

181
00:21:21,280 --> 00:21:25,160
They live there waiting
on returning to Israel.

182
00:21:25,320 --> 00:21:28,560
The West must do here
an effort–

183
00:21:28,720 --> 00:21:31,840
- not least, rather most, Israel.

184
00:21:35,880 --> 00:21:40,600
Of course I agree with Hägglöf
on the simple and central point–

185
00:21:40,760 --> 00:21:45,440
-that this question about the Arab refugees
should be resolved.

186
00:21:45,600 --> 00:21:49,560
Hägglöf went no further,
except when he said–

187
00:21:49,720 --> 00:21:53,320
-that mainly Israel
must make efforts.

188
00:21:53,480 --> 00:21:56,240
How is the situation in fact?

189
00:21:56,400 --> 00:22:00,720
We have a war
which was started by the Arab states–

190
00:22:00,880 --> 00:22:07,200
-since the creation of the United Nations,
one might say, the new Israel.

191
00:22:07,360 --> 00:22:13,800
Furthermore, it is not the case that it is
the Arabs seeking a settlement.

192
00:22:13,960 --> 00:22:20,840
Israel has year after year since 1948
sought a settlement with the Arabs–

193
00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:25,800
–where they say: “We are willing to take
against refugees, to arrange peace"–

194
00:22:25,960 --> 00:22:30,520
–"we do a lot
to get this story done."

195
00:22:30,680 --> 00:22:37,320
Meanwhile, not only do Arab-
the countries on with a blockade of Israel.

196
00:22:37,480 --> 00:22:42,480
Year after year, week after week,
this comes from the Arab countries:

197
00:22:42,640 --> 00:22:48,760
"The refugees must return." But they
shall return to crush Israel.

198
00:22:48,920 --> 00:22:53,880
They are indoctrinated to become one
vanguard of this Arab invasion.

199
00:22:54,040 --> 00:22:58,880
I assume that Hägglöf does not want to
that Israel will disappear.

200
00:22:59,040 --> 00:23:02,520
Does he want Israel to be crushed?
He doesn't want that.

201
00:23:02,680 --> 00:23:08,720
However, that Israel should adopt an up-
act that will be the downfall of Israel.

202
00:23:08,880 --> 00:23:14,200
First let's state
what the Arab refugees really are.

203
00:23:14,360 --> 00:23:20,320
It was so that in 1947–1948
it flew a little over 700,000.

204
00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:24,640
Why did they flee?
It has been said on the Israeli side–

205
00:23:24,800 --> 00:23:29,160
- that they were invited
of the surrounding Arab states.

206
00:23:29,320 --> 00:23:31,560
Those prompts
available in print...

207
00:23:31,720 --> 00:23:35,040
But it is quite clear
that this was not the cause.

208
00:23:35,200 --> 00:23:39,640
What above all
startled these Arabs–

209
00:23:39,800 --> 00:23:44,560
-of which the great mass
was a farmer and gardener–

210
00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:49,000
- it was the terrible terror...

211
00:23:49,160 --> 00:23:55,680
...the massacre that was organized by
the Jewish terrorist organization–

212
00:23:55,840 --> 00:24:01,200
–when they annihilated
virtually the entire population–

213
00:24:01,360 --> 00:24:07,840
–the Arab population,
in the village of Deir Yassin on April 9, 1948.

214
00:24:08,000 --> 00:24:12,800
It was after that atrocity
as the great river of refugees came.

215
00:24:12,960 --> 00:24:16,120
They then crossed over to Jordan.

216
00:24:16,280 --> 00:24:21,520
The third and largest wave
of refugees came later in 1948.

217
00:24:21,680 --> 00:24:28,040
That way, a little more escaped
than 700,000 people across the border.

218
00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:32,480
Then the incredible happened
that they were not allowed to come back–

219
00:24:32,640 --> 00:24:36,120
– to that country
where they had lived for over a thousand years.

220
00:24:36,280 --> 00:24:41,720
So that's what it is
the story of the Arab refugees.

221
00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:47,840
I understand that Hägglöf was imprisoned
sled of this line of thought.

222
00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:52,040
"Israel must accept the refugees
because they lived there for a thousand years."

223
00:24:52,200 --> 00:24:58,120
Then we will start from...
If Hägglöf said: "Israel should perish."

224
00:24:58,280 --> 00:25:04,720
“The Israelis should be moved to America
or Madagascar." Then I understand.

225
00:25:04,880 --> 00:25:08,360
But he can't go out
that an independent state–

226
00:25:08,520 --> 00:25:15,280
- and who have performed perhaps more
than any other small state has done–

227
00:25:15,440 --> 00:25:18,880
-suddenly must welcome the refugees.

228
00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:24,440
“You come to crush us, but
go ahead!” Does he really want that?

229
00:25:50,400 --> 00:25:56,200
- Do you want war with Israel?
- Yes, we want to fight against Israel.

230
00:25:56,360 --> 00:26:01,000
We are trained to fight - against Israel
and all who help Israel.

231
00:26:01,160 --> 00:26:08,600
To liberate Palestine
from the hands of Israel.

232
00:26:08,760 --> 00:26:11,680
Because Palestine is my country.

233
00:26:11,840 --> 00:26:14,080
Israel is surrounded by her enemies:

234
00:26:14,240 --> 00:26:18,480
United Arab Republic, Jordan,
Syria, Lebanon.

235
00:26:19,560 --> 00:26:23,240
The terrorist attacks from
Syrian border are countless.

236
00:26:23,400 --> 00:26:29,840
Train travelers must be prepared to
a bullet can smash through the window.

237
00:26:32,760 --> 00:26:38,560
This Israeli patrol must
have heightened vigilance every second.

238
00:26:43,640 --> 00:26:47,760
To my great sorrow
is there one thing that hasn't changed–

239
00:26:47,920 --> 00:26:53,200
-and that is the constant increase
of weapons in the Arab countries.

240
00:26:53,960 --> 00:27:01,080
They have free access to weapons.
They can get them when they ask for them.

241
00:27:01,240 --> 00:27:06,280
And also in a simpler way:
they don't have to pay for them.

242
00:27:06,440 --> 00:27:12,320
At least not right away, while ours
situation looks completely different.

243
00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:22,960
-Can Israel win another war?
- Yes, I think so.

244
00:27:23,120 --> 00:27:28,640
Israeli soldiers fight for a purpose.
Syrian soldiers fight for money.

245
00:27:28,800 --> 00:27:33,560
Is war inevitable to resolve the dispute
between Israel and the Arab world?

246
00:27:33,720 --> 00:27:39,440
No, that wouldn't be good. War breeds hatred.

247
00:28:13,760 --> 00:28:18,240
The wild donkeys are mentioned
in several places in the Bible–

248
00:28:18,400 --> 00:28:22,160
– along with many other animals.

249
00:28:22,320 --> 00:28:27,880
Much of what is described
in the Bible is of course gone–

250
00:28:28,040 --> 00:28:33,040
- but there is a lot
surprisingly still here.

251
00:28:36,360 --> 00:28:40,000
The desert is
both terrifying and impressive.

252
00:28:40,160 --> 00:28:46,160
And gloomy. And warm, dry.
Water-free, practically.

253
00:28:46,320 --> 00:28:50,000
But right as it is
you arrive at an oasis.

254
00:28:50,160 --> 00:28:55,120
When the Israelites started drilling here
they found water in large quantities.

255
00:28:55,280 --> 00:29:01,520
There is no place in Israel
where the wonder is as palpable as here.

256
00:29:01,680 --> 00:29:07,520
Wandering, yellow desert sand
suddenly replaced by green fields–

257
00:29:07,680 --> 00:29:11,160
-and fields of flowers
in huge quantities.

258
00:29:11,320 --> 00:29:17,760
In the kibbutz, the privately planted ones bloom
the gardens beautiful.

259
00:29:19,120 --> 00:29:24,960
Palmdungen is an old caravan-
mark, known since biblical times.

260
00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:29,440
The palms are branchy,
which is not that common.

261
00:29:29,600 --> 00:29:34,160
It is the easternmost and northernmost
the outpost of a palm species–

262
00:29:34,320 --> 00:29:40,640
-which is common in Sudan. One
African element in Israel's flora.

263
00:29:40,800 --> 00:29:44,320
The grove was situated
quite close to the Jordanian border.

264
00:29:44,480 --> 00:29:47,680
It was said that it was not risk free
to go here.

265
00:29:47,840 --> 00:29:51,560
You could get shot at
from the other side.

266
00:29:51,720 --> 00:29:55,640
We stayed at the back of the grove
so that we could not be seen.

267
00:29:55,800 --> 00:30:00,680
It probably wasn't that dangerous. We saw
not a life on the Jordanian side.

268
00:30:47,240 --> 00:30:50,120
Haifa. Late summer -66.

269
00:30:50,280 --> 00:30:55,880
Among tourists and returnees
Israelis, about 60 immigrants.

270
00:30:56,040 --> 00:31:00,440
Like the one and a quarter million others
who immigrated since Israel became free–

271
00:31:00,600 --> 00:31:04,120
-have they followed the paragraph
in the Declaration of Independence–

272
00:31:04,280 --> 00:31:10,560
- that Israel is open to Jews
immigrants and Jews in exile.

273
00:31:14,280 --> 00:31:18,120
How did you hear about life here?
Why did you come here?

274
00:31:18,280 --> 00:31:22,440
My friend was here last year.
She was here for a year.

275
00:31:22,600 --> 00:31:26,400
She lived on a kibbutz for six months
and told about it.

276
00:31:26,560 --> 00:31:31,360
I have always been for Israel,
so i decided to go here.

277
00:31:37,800 --> 00:31:40,680
WELCOME HOME, FIONA!

278
00:31:41,760 --> 00:31:44,480
"If you want, it's not a fairy tale."

279
00:31:44,640 --> 00:31:48,160
Zionist Hertzel's conviction
assurance to the newcomer.

280
00:31:48,320 --> 00:31:51,840
It feels pathetic
for the young people coming today?

281
00:31:52,000 --> 00:31:55,720
More or less well informed about
what awaits them in today's Israel:

282
00:31:55,880 --> 00:32:01,000
Contrasting, problematic,
as young as many of them themselves.

283
00:32:01,160 --> 00:32:06,080
But multi-thousand-year-old when it comes to it
religion, tradition and hope.

284
00:32:06,240 --> 00:32:10,560
I go to Israel to be
among the ancient Jews–

285
00:32:10,720 --> 00:32:15,920
-and hear the Hebrew language
spoken everywhere.

286
00:32:16,080 --> 00:32:19,920
Jews must be in Israel
if they want to live in peace.

287
00:32:25,240 --> 00:32:29,440
The newcomer learns that every Israeli
from 18 years, girl or boy–

288
00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:33,280
–do 20 respectively
30 months conscription...

289
00:32:34,960 --> 00:32:40,320
...that Israel's army can be full
mobilized in less than 72 hours.

290
00:32:41,160 --> 00:32:44,880
In the fight to defend
what you built–

291
00:32:45,040 --> 00:32:49,880
- you bet just over 40 percent
of the national budget on its army.

292
00:33:03,800 --> 00:33:07,800
Dance on a powder keg.
Do you feel that way? A girl answers:

293
00:33:07,960 --> 00:33:11,600
“We don't wake up in terror
for a new provocation at the border."

294
00:33:11,760 --> 00:33:16,920
"But we are not like others because
we cannot live in peace like others."

295
00:33:17,080 --> 00:33:20,360
The ideals are dead.
Those who can and have time have fun -

296
00:33:20,520 --> 00:33:26,520
- because it's about getting your degree and
get a job, preferably abroad.

297
00:33:38,480 --> 00:33:45,000
But the foreign policy situation has
not turned all young people into nihilists.

298
00:33:45,160 --> 00:33:50,600
It has also had the opposite effect. MAN
applies to the army's special forces.

299
00:33:50,760 --> 00:33:54,280
It's coming
the efforts of the pioneer era closest.

300
00:33:54,440 --> 00:34:01,000
I have been trained in
the youth movement since I was twelve years old.

301
00:34:01,160 --> 00:34:04,600
I feel like I need it.

302
00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:09,240
You live in the kibbutz
together with people around the clock.

303
00:34:09,400 --> 00:34:13,080
It's a different way of thinking.

304
00:34:26,160 --> 00:34:32,400
Tel Aviv, 58 years old, close to 400,000
inhabitants under a wasting sun.

305
00:34:33,400 --> 00:34:35,720
The long sandy beaches–

306
00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:40,880
– where once Jewish refugees
was met by guns and had to turn back.

307
00:34:49,360 --> 00:34:54,560
I had heard great things
about Israel, but it was not true.

308
00:34:54,720 --> 00:35:00,480
The language is very difficult,
and I came here in the middle of my studies.

309
00:35:00,640 --> 00:35:05,560
But I get used to it with time.

310
00:35:05,720 --> 00:35:12,280
-What has been difficult, apart from the language?
-People's and young people's way of living here.

311
00:35:12,440 --> 00:35:17,720
It is completely different from in Chile.
The boys here are not nice.

312
00:35:17,880 --> 00:35:24,040
In Chile they are very nice.
Maybe too nice. And here they are freer.

313
00:35:24,200 --> 00:35:29,840
They don't see that big of a difference between
boys and girls. They are not nice.

314
00:35:30,840 --> 00:35:37,520
And girls also do military service.
Their lives are similar to those of the boys.

315
00:35:49,840 --> 00:35:52,520
I'm a platoon leader.

316
00:35:52,680 --> 00:35:58,160
I am responsible for 45 girls.
I have to train them for 1.5 months–

317
00:35:58,320 --> 00:36:02,280
-before they start working in the army.

318
00:36:03,080 --> 00:36:07,520
The security
is a serious problem in Israel.

319
00:36:07,680 --> 00:36:12,000
Our neighbors are waiting
to be able to drive us out into the sea.

320
00:36:12,160 --> 00:36:15,560
For us, it is a matter of survival.

321
00:36:17,360 --> 00:36:21,520
What is it that gives the young Israeli
the strength to endure–

322
00:36:21,680 --> 00:36:27,560
–in a country that is a border between
Jew and Arab and the great powers?

323
00:36:27,720 --> 00:36:31,560
Is it the one for the observer unfunny
superstition in the excellence of the army?

324
00:36:31,720 --> 00:36:37,960
Or is it
the love of the Jewish heritage–

325
00:36:38,120 --> 00:36:43,000
-and the memory of six million dead
in Nazi extermination camps?

326
00:36:43,160 --> 00:36:47,760
In Israel they try to give a knowledge
about the past in schools and everywhere.

327
00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:50,720
They don't want you to forget.

328
00:36:50,880 --> 00:36:58,080
That one should be...aware,
but at the same time think about the past.

329
00:36:59,600 --> 00:37:02,720
Do you often visit the memorial site?
in Jerusalem?

330
00:37:02,880 --> 00:37:06,560
I've been there a few times.
It makes me very moved.

331
00:37:06,720 --> 00:37:10,880
I have read a lot about the Holocaust.

332
00:37:11,040 --> 00:37:15,600
It is not only interesting,
but important to know. It is everyone's duty.

333
00:37:15,760 --> 00:37:18,920
It is my duty to know it.

334
00:37:27,520 --> 00:37:33,920
He came in the immigrant wave of orien-
talic Jews in the 50s from Iraq.

335
00:37:34,920 --> 00:37:39,000
Now he lives with his family
in an agricultural society–

336
00:37:39,160 --> 00:37:41,560
- and dreams of becoming a driver.

337
00:37:45,440 --> 00:37:48,400
Why did you move to Israel?

338
00:37:48,560 --> 00:37:55,280
They said we could move here, so we did
that. It wasn't for any particular reason.

339
00:37:55,440 --> 00:38:01,560
It doesn't just apply to me. Anyone who wants to
may come. If you don't want to, you don't have to.

340
00:38:01,720 --> 00:38:06,480
What did your husband do?
in your old country?

341
00:38:06,640 --> 00:38:09,600
He was a taxi driver.

342
00:38:09,760 --> 00:38:14,880
You were so young when you came here.
Do you feel more Israeli now?

343
00:38:15,040 --> 00:38:20,400
I don't even know what life is like over there,
so why would i move there?

344
00:38:20,560 --> 00:38:23,360
I will stay here.

345
00:38:23,520 --> 00:38:26,400
Have you felt any difference between you–

346
00:38:26,560 --> 00:38:30,840
-and young boys who come here
from the eastern states of Europe?

347
00:38:32,600 --> 00:38:35,400
I've never felt any difference.

348
00:38:36,880 --> 00:38:42,440
Nine years in transit camp, five years
in this unfinished house.

349
00:38:42,600 --> 00:38:48,240
Far from the comfort of the villas on
Mount Carmel in Haifa a little way from here–

350
00:38:48,400 --> 00:38:53,320
-there few Israelis of oriental origin
origin can afford to live.

351
00:38:53,480 --> 00:38:56,200
But the young people here believe in the future.

352
00:38:56,360 --> 00:39:00,920
Maybe because you don't live in cities
by the sea or in the Negev desert–

353
00:39:01,080 --> 00:39:04,280
–there crowds
of North African youth–

354
00:39:04,440 --> 00:39:08,440
–drives around dissatisfied,
often out of work.

355
00:39:10,080 --> 00:39:13,040
Do you just drive around and do nothing?

356
00:39:13,200 --> 00:39:17,120
I studied for six months,
but it led nowhere.

357
00:39:17,280 --> 00:39:22,640
I wanted to help my family and thought
that it was better to start working.

358
00:39:22,800 --> 00:39:25,720
But there aren't that many jobs here.

359
00:39:27,240 --> 00:39:31,160
Was it what you expected
when in Morocco they talked about–

360
00:39:31,320 --> 00:39:34,680
–the land of milk and honey?

361
00:39:37,240 --> 00:39:42,480
Juvenile crime, especially
more serious violent crimes, is on the rise.

362
00:39:42,640 --> 00:39:47,280
Worse economic standard, combined
with an attempt at revolt–

363
00:39:47,440 --> 00:39:50,480
– against an eastern one
patriarchal family system–

364
00:39:50,640 --> 00:39:53,560
– is said to be one of the reasons.

365
00:39:59,480 --> 00:40:03,560
Southwest of Nazareth
lies another world.

366
00:40:03,720 --> 00:40:08,920
The immigrant town of Migdal Ha'Emeq.
About ten years old, 8,000 inhabitants.

367
00:40:13,440 --> 00:40:17,400
An enthusiastic young mayor
takes the lead and drives on.

368
00:40:17,560 --> 00:40:21,000
Factories and synagogues
is his recipe.

369
00:40:21,160 --> 00:40:25,280
Today, 1966, Saturday fun is for everyone–

370
00:40:25,440 --> 00:40:29,440
- to go to the beach
or go to the cinema, party or disco.

371
00:40:29,600 --> 00:40:33,040
But I myself go to the synagogue.
I pray.

372
00:40:33,200 --> 00:40:37,440
We believe in God.
We have laws, we have rules.

373
00:40:37,600 --> 00:40:41,160
We are godly.
We have a meaning in life.

374
00:40:41,320 --> 00:40:46,280
Therefore, I think that religious people
are the best in Israel.

375
00:41:01,200 --> 00:41:04,560
He is one of about 30,000 Bedouins
in Israel.

376
00:41:04,720 --> 00:41:07,520
He admits
that they have political rights–

377
00:41:07,680 --> 00:41:11,320
-that much has been done to improve
their social standing.

378
00:41:11,480 --> 00:41:14,080
I have to study here for two years.

379
00:41:14,240 --> 00:41:18,720
Then I want to study journalism
and find a job.

380
00:41:18,880 --> 00:41:23,680
- Maybe in Africa or somewhere else.
- Do you want to stay in Israel?

381
00:41:23,840 --> 00:41:28,520
I would love to, but here I have less of a chance
to find a job.

382
00:41:31,760 --> 00:41:35,800
Israel is a democracy
and here there are many parties.

383
00:41:35,960 --> 00:41:39,160
Some of them like Arabs, some don't.

384
00:41:39,320 --> 00:41:44,520
They say we came to crush
the country, not to build it up.

385
00:41:45,720 --> 00:41:50,800
During a visit to father, he feels
again the feeling of living outside–

386
00:41:50,960 --> 00:41:53,960
– in an impossible political situation.

387
00:41:54,760 --> 00:41:59,480
Is there a big difference between your life
in Jerusalem and in your tribe?

388
00:41:59,640 --> 00:42:04,920
There is a big difference.
It is a patriarchal family.

389
00:42:05,080 --> 00:42:11,760
It is the father who rules
and he has three wives and many children.

390
00:42:11,920 --> 00:42:15,840
You can't do what you want
without others interfering.

391
00:42:16,000 --> 00:42:21,840
And the relationship between you
and the others will then be very difficult.

392
00:42:22,680 --> 00:42:25,800
Will your son
to return here after studies?

393
00:42:25,960 --> 00:42:30,280
It's up to him.
Now he studies history.

394
00:42:30,440 --> 00:42:35,760
He does not have to return to his tribe
to teach them history.

395
00:42:35,920 --> 00:42:40,040
But if he had studied agriculture–

396
00:42:40,200 --> 00:42:45,720
– had he had to come back
to the tribe and learn about agriculture.

397
00:42:45,880 --> 00:42:47,560
- Do you want him to come?
-Yes.

398
00:42:47,720 --> 00:42:52,160
But he finds a job in town
He does not forget us.

399
00:42:52,320 --> 00:42:57,480
He will greet us
to meet his brother and his family.

400
00:42:59,920 --> 00:43:04,120
What would happen
if the Arabs attacked Israel?

401
00:43:04,280 --> 00:43:08,120
-Would you defend Israel?
- We are lost here.

402
00:43:08,280 --> 00:43:14,960
We are lost, for some Jews here
sees us as prisoners of war.

403
00:43:15,120 --> 00:43:19,920
And the Arabs see us as enemies
because we live in Israel.

404
00:43:20,080 --> 00:43:23,080
We talk to them,
writing in their papers–

405
00:43:23,240 --> 00:43:27,120
-and talking about peace and stuff
which they don't want us to hear.

406
00:43:27,280 --> 00:43:31,800
That is the tragedy of our lives.
We don't know where we belong.

407
00:43:31,960 --> 00:43:36,080
We don't know what our future looks like.

408
00:43:36,240 --> 00:43:40,080
We live only for the day
and hope for the best.

409
00:44:28,000 --> 00:44:31,960
On June 5, the Israeli Air Force goes
to massive attack–

410
00:44:32,120 --> 00:44:37,800
–and turns it on for a few hours
Egyptian Air Force already on the ground.

411
00:44:37,960 --> 00:44:41,400
The attack came
as a total surprise–

412
00:44:41,560 --> 00:44:45,160
– despite a greatly increased tension
in the area.

413
00:44:45,320 --> 00:44:50,840
Israel felt threatened from three sides:
Egypt, Jordan and Syria.

414
00:44:53,040 --> 00:44:56,480
In a few hours
crashed Egypt's flight.

415
00:44:56,640 --> 00:45:03,240
Without air cover was Egypt's infantry
and armor in the Sinai desert without a chance.

416
00:45:09,840 --> 00:45:16,000
After the victory over Egypt turned around
now Israel against Jordan and Syria.

417
00:45:17,800 --> 00:45:23,480
Here, too, they succeeded in a few
dar knock out their military opponents.

418
00:45:23,640 --> 00:45:28,920
One of the shortest wars in world history
was over after six days.

419
00:45:41,880 --> 00:45:46,280
The entire Sinai desert was taken from Egypt,
Jordan lost the West Bank.

420
00:45:46,440 --> 00:45:51,200
Most important on the West Bank was the east
Jerusalem, including the Old City.

421
00:45:51,360 --> 00:45:57,000
There it is for the Jews
so significant the Wailing Wall.

422
00:45:57,160 --> 00:46:01,160
When General Moshe Dayan strolled
into the old city of Jerusalem–

423
00:46:01,320 --> 00:46:05,000
– was a sensational triumph
for Israel.

424
00:46:05,160 --> 00:46:07,840
Jerusalem is
a historically irreplaceable city.

425
00:46:08,000 --> 00:46:13,280
The troops had orders not to use
heavy artillery as they captured the city.

426
00:46:13,440 --> 00:46:16,160
The damage also appears to be minor.

427
00:46:16,320 --> 00:46:20,240
Moshe Dayan, now Minister of Defense,
already explained:

428
00:46:20,400 --> 00:46:23,440
“Now we will not let go of Jerusalem
away from us."

429
00:46:36,760 --> 00:46:41,320
For the Palestinian people
it was a disaster like no other.

430
00:46:41,480 --> 00:46:45,080
Now thousands of Palestinians fled
across the Jordan River.

431
00:46:45,240 --> 00:46:51,720
The entire Arab world mourned. It was
a feeling of shame and humiliation.

432
00:47:24,400 --> 00:47:27,440
Here have some
of the fiercest battles stood.

433
00:47:27,600 --> 00:47:31,680
The devastation here all around us
is terrible.

434
00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:39,600
The Israeli tanks have gone
through the Egyptian lines–

435
00:47:39,760 --> 00:47:42,200
–like a hot knife through butter.

436
00:47:42,360 --> 00:47:48,440
In El Arish there is not a single hero
house left. The same in all other villages.

437
00:47:48,600 --> 00:47:54,560
Everywhere you also see white rags
hung as flags of surrender.

438
00:47:54,720 --> 00:47:58,680
An Israeli officer I met
said to me:

439
00:47:58,840 --> 00:48:02,200
“Isn't this
a short and glorious war?"

440
00:48:02,360 --> 00:48:07,800
"Short, yes," I replied. “But
can war ever be glorious?"

441
00:48:07,960 --> 00:48:14,000
“For us, this has anyway
been a truly glorious war."

442
00:48:14,160 --> 00:48:21,080
The Egyptian loss figures are given
now of Israel to about 20,000 men.

443
00:48:21,240 --> 00:48:24,680
Here and there
do you see Arab women and children–

444
00:48:24,840 --> 00:48:30,480
-who dig graves with hoes
in the desert sand and bury the dead.

445
00:48:30,640 --> 00:48:34,800
In the sweltering heat
lies a foul, sweet smell.

446
00:48:46,840 --> 00:48:50,000
The refugees in Gaza
is the overwhelming problem.

447
00:48:50,160 --> 00:48:54,560
Israel cannot do it alone. That
presupposes a large population movement–

448
00:48:54,720 --> 00:49:01,240
-which already started, then residents of Gaza
now allowed to travel to West Jordan–

449
00:49:01,400 --> 00:49:07,760
-certainly with the hope of Israel
that they should then stay there.

450
00:49:07,920 --> 00:49:12,920
The issue of Jordanian water is out
the world, the borders easy to defend–

451
00:49:13,080 --> 00:49:17,960
-and three Egyptians work in Sinai
oil sources of importance to Israel.

452
00:49:18,120 --> 00:49:23,520
New problems follow when you suddenly
has an eight times larger area–

453
00:49:23,680 --> 00:49:28,280
- and with just over a million
more people to provide for.

454
00:50:00,480 --> 00:50:03,840
Jordan is the hardest hit
of the three countries–

455
00:50:04,000 --> 00:50:09,200
- who had to give up land and receive
people during and after the war in June.

456
00:50:09,360 --> 00:50:15,520
Jordan is also the coldest of them.
In Amman, the snow was half a meter deep.

457
00:50:15,680 --> 00:50:22,440
Now it has melted away, which means that
the streets become overflowing rivers.

458
00:50:22,600 --> 00:50:28,280
182,000 new residents have applied
to Amman since June.

459
00:50:28,440 --> 00:50:32,560
It contributes to the absurdity of the situation
tet that these people refuse–

460
00:50:32,720 --> 00:50:37,360
–any sign of anything that might get them
to be considered permanent residents.

461
00:50:37,520 --> 00:50:44,720
They want back. They are not going to be
resident refugees like those from 1948.

462
00:50:45,840 --> 00:50:51,560
People live everywhere in Amman. At
the river, in caves in the mountain walls.

463
00:50:51,720 --> 00:50:56,720
The wind is bitterly cold. Inside
in the tents there is only a primus kitchen–

464
00:50:56,880 --> 00:51:02,320
– to keep bare feet warm
and thinly clad bodies.

465
00:51:08,480 --> 00:51:11,240
This is Muhammad Khalil
and his family.

466
00:51:11,400 --> 00:51:14,920
Wife and nine children,
the tenth on the way.

467
00:51:15,080 --> 00:51:20,480
He lived in Jericho, seven kilometers away
away on the other side of the Jordan River.

468
00:51:20,640 --> 00:51:26,880
Now he lives in a tent. His possessions
is what you can see on the tent floor.

469
00:51:27,040 --> 00:51:30,200
The worst is
to have nothing to do, he says.

470
00:51:31,120 --> 00:51:36,280
Ahmed Jabbar Ahmet tried to get
home illegally. His application was rejected.

471
00:51:36,440 --> 00:51:42,160
He tried to return,
but was seized by the Israelites in Jericho itself.

472
00:51:43,680 --> 00:51:47,280
Why did he try to return?

473
00:51:47,440 --> 00:51:53,280
It is my country and my city,
and my family still lives there.

474
00:51:53,440 --> 00:51:56,440
Everything I own and my whole family.

475
00:51:56,600 --> 00:52:01,400
How long can Jordan last?
with the current situation?

476
00:52:01,560 --> 00:52:07,640
It certainly puts enormous pressure on the country
both financially and psychologically?

477
00:52:07,800 --> 00:52:12,120
I would like to rephrase the question:

478
00:52:12,280 --> 00:52:19,760
How long will the world last?
the current situation continue?

479
00:52:19,920 --> 00:52:25,840
The current situation continues
to pose a real threat.

480
00:52:26,000 --> 00:52:29,240
Firstly
against Arab rights.

481
00:52:29,400 --> 00:52:34,160
Secondly
against the rights of refugees.

482
00:52:34,320 --> 00:52:38,120
Thirdly
against the principles of the United Nations.

483
00:52:38,280 --> 00:52:42,000
And for the fifth or sixth
against peace–

484
00:52:42,160 --> 00:52:47,000
-which constitutes a part
of the entire international peace.

485
00:52:49,520 --> 00:52:53,280
On the bridge that connects
what is now Israel, with Jordan–

486
00:52:53,440 --> 00:52:57,160
– meet a family
for the first time in over a year.

487
00:53:18,400 --> 00:53:21,840
-Who did you meet on the bridge?
- My mother.

488
00:53:22,000 --> 00:53:26,440
-Have you not seen each other for a long time?
- No, it was almost 1.5 years ago.

489
00:53:26,600 --> 00:53:28,200
Why?

490
00:53:28,360 --> 00:53:34,480
We left in October 1966.
I had received a scholarship in England.

491
00:53:34,640 --> 00:53:37,840
I brought my wife and children with me.

492
00:53:38,000 --> 00:53:44,080
So this was the first time we could
meet our parents and relatives again.

493
00:53:44,240 --> 00:53:48,240
– Five minutes?
- Yes, just five minutes or less.

494
00:53:48,400 --> 00:53:53,680
It's not the first time we've tried
get to meet the relatives, without a fourth.

495
00:53:53,840 --> 00:53:58,680
But every time it has stopped
that we have not been allowed to meet them.

496
00:53:58,840 --> 00:54:00,840
Have you tried going back?

497
00:54:01,000 --> 00:54:06,760
Yes, we applied through the Red Cross
regular channels three months ago.

498
00:54:06,920 --> 00:54:09,840
But unfortunately our name never appeared.

499
00:54:10,000 --> 00:54:14,960
We have been stranded here
and forced to stay where we are.

500
00:54:15,520 --> 00:54:20,880
Countless are the stories of how they
newcomers felt insecure in life.

501
00:54:21,040 --> 00:54:24,320
They have been driven up at night
and searched–

502
00:54:24,480 --> 00:54:30,360
-in the Israelis' hunt for commandos who
set up for sabotage and explosions.

503
00:54:30,520 --> 00:54:35,760
You came back from Jericho recently.
When did you come back?

504
00:54:35,920 --> 00:54:38,360
-Over a week ago.
-Why?

505
00:54:38,520 --> 00:54:43,720
- I worked in a bar.
-At a bar?

506
00:54:43,880 --> 00:54:47,640
Every night the Jewish army gathered
put us together–

507
00:54:47,800 --> 00:54:53,840
-and started shooting over our heads
and said, "You are a commando."

508
00:54:54,000 --> 00:54:56,720
"You must give your home to the East Bank."

509
00:54:56,880 --> 00:54:59,880
I'm afraid, because they told me–

510
00:55:00,040 --> 00:55:04,160
- that I am a commando
and that they intend to arrest me.

511
00:56:02,760 --> 00:56:07,520
In a park in Jerusalem gather once
per year Israel's North African Jews–

512
00:56:07,680 --> 00:56:12,320
– to commemorate
by the philosopher Maimonides.

513
00:56:12,480 --> 00:56:16,800
Nobody reads his writings anymore
and many don't even know his name.

514
00:56:16,960 --> 00:56:20,800
But he gives a welcome reason
for a huge picnic–

515
00:56:20,960 --> 00:56:24,880
- where you invite friends and enemies
on food and drink.

516
00:56:25,040 --> 00:56:29,080
Then you dance and sing all day
in patriotic frenzy.

517
00:56:46,840 --> 00:56:52,480
The same diversity as in the face of Israel
found in its music.

518
00:56:52,640 --> 00:56:58,080
Now all these traditions are being fused
from Africa, Asia and Europe together–

519
00:56:58,240 --> 00:57:01,360
–and rapidly losing its own species.

520
00:57:01,520 --> 00:57:07,800
The one who gathered the many Jews
the musical tongues are Edith Kiwi.

521
00:57:07,960 --> 00:57:11,520
For more than 20 years
has she caught immigrants–

522
00:57:11,680 --> 00:57:17,160
-and taken care of and scientifically
documented their traditions.

523
00:57:17,320 --> 00:57:19,680
Here she meets
two singers from Kurdistan.

524
00:57:51,960 --> 00:57:55,200
Somewhere in Jewish music
is there a root note–

525
00:57:55,360 --> 00:57:58,000
– common
for all its many traditions.

526
00:57:58,160 --> 00:58:01,240
Through the centuries
have all the Jews of the world preserved–

527
00:58:01,400 --> 00:58:06,080
-his own way of reciting
and sing the sacred texts.

528
00:58:30,320 --> 00:58:34,920
Since the war,
during these five months...

529
00:58:35,920 --> 00:58:40,280
...two other kinds of war have taken place.

530
00:58:40,440 --> 00:58:44,600
The first is Fatah's terrorist war–

531
00:58:44,760 --> 00:58:50,120
– which started shortly after the end of the war.

532
00:58:51,280 --> 00:58:55,760
And the second,
which I reluctantly want to call a war–

533
00:58:55,920 --> 00:59:03,040
-is some kind of resistance movement
on the West Bank.

534
00:59:33,880 --> 00:59:38,440
Invisible from the ceasefire line
which is about half a mile from here–

535
00:59:38,600 --> 00:59:41,760
–is one of
the many mobile front bases–

536
00:59:41,920 --> 00:59:45,440
– like the Palestinian resistance men
has created.

537
00:59:45,600 --> 00:59:49,280
Workers, students and farmers
are trained together.

538
00:59:49,440 --> 00:59:52,040
They must be physically strong–

539
00:59:52,200 --> 00:59:56,040
-wealthy to independent,
individual warfare–

540
00:59:56,200 --> 00:59:59,880
-and to submit to the collective.

541
01:00:00,040 --> 01:00:06,480
Here you read Che Guevara and Mao
and discuss intensively in the tents.

542
01:00:08,480 --> 01:00:13,840
Ghassan Kanafani is the spokesman for
the Palestinian resistance movement.

543
01:00:14,000 --> 01:00:19,080
He himself is closely related
with the Palestine Liberation Front.

544
01:00:19,240 --> 01:00:23,000
He represents a whole lot of things
in the Arab world today:

545
01:00:23,160 --> 01:00:27,560
He is young, he is Palestinian,
he is a writer and journalist.

546
01:00:29,000 --> 01:00:35,240
Ghassan, what kind of people
are they palestinian fedayeen?

547
01:00:35,400 --> 01:00:38,000
The resisters?

548
01:00:38,160 --> 01:00:41,960
All are Palestinians, of course.

549
01:00:42,120 --> 01:00:47,280
Most are young,
between 20 and 35 years old.

550
01:00:47,440 --> 01:00:55,320
That means some of them were born
in Palestine before Israel's occupation in 1948.

551
01:00:55,480 --> 01:00:59,120
The rest were born in exile, in refugee camps.

552
01:00:59,280 --> 01:01:05,960
60-70% of them are educated
and has a university degree.

553
01:01:06,120 --> 01:01:10,440
Many of them are doctors,
lawyers, engineers...

554
01:01:10,600 --> 01:01:18,400
What is the goal? To take back that land
which Israel occupied in 1967?

555
01:01:18,560 --> 01:01:23,200
Or is it to take back
the land they occupied in 1948?

556
01:01:23,360 --> 01:01:27,360
The resistance movement is a freedom movement.

557
01:01:27,520 --> 01:01:32,720
For the Palestinian people
is it a continued step–

558
01:01:32,880 --> 01:01:36,080
-on the tragedy that began in 1948.

559
01:01:36,240 --> 01:01:43,000
We Palestinians cannot separate
between, for example, Nazareth–

560
01:01:43,160 --> 01:01:46,160
-and Jerusalem.
I see no difference myself.

561
01:01:46,320 --> 01:01:51,120
I see no difference between Jaffa,
my hometown where I was born–

562
01:01:51,280 --> 01:01:57,040
-Ramallah in the West Bank or Gaza.
For us it is a nation, a homeland.

563
01:01:57,200 --> 01:02:00,240
Our case is not political.

564
01:02:00,400 --> 01:02:04,800
We do not want to negotiate for more land
or fewer refugees.

565
01:02:04,960 --> 01:02:12,080
We want to negotiate freedom. It's ours
country and we fight to free it.

566
01:02:12,240 --> 01:02:15,560
The people of Palestine
fighting for the Palestine issue.

567
01:02:15,720 --> 01:02:21,720
WE ARE FIGHTING ISRAEL
BECAUSE THEY OCCUPY OUR COUNTRY

568
01:02:47,640 --> 01:02:50,440
ABBA EBAN, GO HOME!

569
01:03:03,760 --> 01:03:08,360
It is with great pleasure that I welcome you
to Swedish TV, Mr. Eban–

570
01:03:08,520 --> 01:03:11,320
– and our program with questions and answers.

571
01:03:11,480 --> 01:03:16,640
The journalists who ask questions
called Per Gahrton from Liberal debate–

572
01:03:16,800 --> 01:03:22,000
- and Lennart Ljunglöf
from the daily newspaper Aftonbladet.

573
01:03:22,160 --> 01:03:25,400
-Mr Ljunglöf, the first question is for you.
-Thanks.

574
01:03:25,560 --> 01:03:29,560
Mr. Eban, Israel was formed 20 years ago.

575
01:03:29,720 --> 01:03:36,160
What are Israel's greatest achievements
in world politics since then?

576
01:03:36,320 --> 01:03:40,120
And what are the biggest disappointments?

577
01:03:40,800 --> 01:03:46,480
Our greatest achievement is that our nation
has grown. The population has increased.

578
01:03:46,640 --> 01:03:51,120
Our biggest disappointment is, of course
that we have not yet managed to achieve–

579
01:03:51,280 --> 01:03:55,560
-a harmonious relationship
to our neighboring countries.

580
01:03:55,720 --> 01:04:01,520
If we look to the future
and relations with the Arab world–

581
01:04:01,680 --> 01:04:05,080
-is it then true that Israeli troops-

582
01:04:05,240 --> 01:04:10,040
– without trial
demolishing houses on occupied land–

583
01:04:10,200 --> 01:04:14,320
– as a punishment
for so-called terrorist activities?

584
01:04:14,480 --> 01:04:19,120
It may have occurred
that a building has been demolished–

585
01:04:19,280 --> 01:04:26,160
–whence murders and violent attacks
have been carried out against the civilian population.

586
01:04:26,320 --> 01:04:31,960
But such actions are nothing like
usually takes place in occupied territories.

587
01:04:32,120 --> 01:04:37,040
98% of life goes on in these areas
just like usual.

588
01:04:37,200 --> 01:04:41,240
I had expected
that in a television show–

589
01:04:41,400 --> 01:04:45,760
-get more questions about people blowing up
than about buildings.

590
01:04:45,920 --> 01:04:51,400
It is a strategic issue for mutual
understanding between individuals and Israel.

591
01:04:51,560 --> 01:04:55,600
No, I think so
that it is a very trivial question.

592
01:04:55,760 --> 01:04:58,520
Not even an international issue.

593
01:04:58,680 --> 01:05:03,600
According to some laws
can this happen anywhere.

594
01:05:03,760 --> 01:05:08,600
About a group of criminals in Tel Aviv
lived in a house–

595
01:05:08,760 --> 01:05:12,560
–from which they fired
and killed women and children–

596
01:05:12,720 --> 01:05:18,520
- it would become a police matter
and the building could be eliminated.

597
01:05:18,680 --> 01:05:22,840
In other words, it is
a legal criminal problem.

598
01:05:23,000 --> 01:05:29,640
Why is it not possible to let the refugees
return to their home countries?

599
01:05:29,800 --> 01:05:32,200
Because there is no peace.

600
01:05:32,360 --> 01:05:37,080
Then you cannot solve complex problems
financial and security concerns–

601
01:05:37,240 --> 01:05:39,800
-which can be solved by peace.

602
01:05:39,960 --> 01:05:44,960
The question is what intention a person
who comes to one's country has.

603
01:05:45,120 --> 01:05:50,280
Does he want to honor its flag?
Respect its institutions and culture?

604
01:05:50,440 --> 01:05:54,880
Or the person will get there
to try to blow it up from within?

605
01:06:14,680 --> 01:06:18,120
When was the last time you were
on the Israeli side?

606
01:06:18,280 --> 01:06:20,440
Three days ago.

607
01:06:20,600 --> 01:06:26,360
-What kind of operation was it?
-Some Israeli engineering place.

608
01:06:26,520 --> 01:06:29,240
What did you do there? What did you attack?

609
01:06:29,400 --> 01:06:34,120
It was an ambush. We surprised them.

610
01:06:34,280 --> 01:06:41,600
They were completely unprepared.
Whoever surprises wins the battle.

611
01:06:41,760 --> 01:06:46,840
A group of people were out walking.
We were ten, fifteen meters from them.

612
01:06:47,000 --> 01:06:50,440
Every surprise attack
is good for our fight.

613
01:06:50,600 --> 01:06:54,720
We all had Kalashnikovs,
shot them and retreated.

614
01:06:56,520 --> 01:07:03,280
- When will you carry out the next assignment?
- Don't know. First we monitor and scout.

615
01:07:16,560 --> 01:07:23,560
Children. Children being trained for war
in one of Al Fatah's camps in Jordan.

616
01:07:27,920 --> 01:07:34,040
Children being trained for war. What is it
for mentality behind it?

617
01:07:34,200 --> 01:07:37,120
The background is perhaps this:

618
01:07:37,280 --> 01:07:41,440
The refugee camp where these children live.
It's called Baqa'a.

619
01:07:41,600 --> 01:07:45,360
There are 65,000 refugees there.

620
01:07:45,520 --> 01:07:48,840
They call themselves
"a people without hope"–

621
01:07:49,000 --> 01:07:55,480
-but many seem to consider the guerrillas
Fedayeen as a streak of light.

622
01:07:58,160 --> 01:08:01,600
- We have been here for three years.
- Did you come here in 1967?

623
01:08:01,760 --> 01:08:06,320
-What is it like to be here?
- Terrible! What do you think?

624
01:08:06,480 --> 01:08:10,040
The fleas bite us, that's right.

625
01:08:10,200 --> 01:08:15,560
-How is the winter and the rain?
- Rain, cold... We are exposed to everything.

626
01:08:15,720 --> 01:08:19,240
We lived in this tent, which collapsed.

627
01:08:19,400 --> 01:08:26,880
Then we asked our manager for help and were allowed to stay
with our fedayeen brothers in the house.

628
01:08:28,960 --> 01:08:33,080
Within the camp
aren't the Fedayeen just freedom fighters–

629
01:08:33,240 --> 01:08:39,160
-but also youth leaders, teachers,
counselors and social workers.

630
01:08:41,160 --> 01:08:44,760
A girls' school in Amman,
open to the daughters–

631
01:08:44,920 --> 01:08:50,520
–to what Al Fatah calls martyrs –
fallen and captured Fedayeen.

632
01:08:51,960 --> 01:08:54,080
What do you draw?

633
01:08:54,240 --> 01:08:59,080
I have drawn land,
a house and Palestinian flags.

634
01:08:59,240 --> 01:09:03,440
And a fedayeen soldier.

635
01:09:03,600 --> 01:09:06,320
What do you know about Fatah?

636
01:09:06,480 --> 01:09:14,520
It is an organization
which aims to liberate Palestine.

637
01:09:14,680 --> 01:09:18,120
What happens when you have liberated Palestine?
And how?

638
01:09:18,280 --> 01:09:21,920
What are you going to do with the Israelis?
who lives there?

639
01:09:22,080 --> 01:09:25,800
The Jews who want
can live together with us.

640
01:09:45,040 --> 01:09:51,920
Why can't you say your name?
and why can't we film your face?

641
01:09:52,080 --> 01:09:59,560
First, I'm a commando.
I fight on Israeli soil.

642
01:09:59,720 --> 01:10:05,360
Secondly
my family is in Israel.

643
01:10:05,520 --> 01:10:09,520
The enemy may think
destroy their house.

644
01:10:10,800 --> 01:10:14,560
what did you do
before you became a commando?

645
01:10:14,720 --> 01:10:18,520
I studied at the university.

646
01:10:18,680 --> 01:10:24,440
-How long do you intend to keep fighting?
- I fight to the last drop of blood.

647
01:10:46,760 --> 01:10:51,960
You are a member
in the People's Front for the Liberation of Palestine.

648
01:10:52,120 --> 01:10:55,480
What is the objective of the front?

649
01:10:55,640 --> 01:10:59,760
All movements fight against Zionism–

650
01:10:59,920 --> 01:11:08,000
-imperialism and colonialism
in Israel, and not against the Jewish people.

651
01:11:08,160 --> 01:11:13,200
So you think you can live together
with the Jews in Palestine?

652
01:11:13,360 --> 01:11:19,840
Isn't it time to find support
for your views in Israel?

653
01:11:20,000 --> 01:11:25,080
And how do you think?
that it could be developed?

654
01:11:25,240 --> 01:11:30,520
The main thing is
that we are fighting against a fixed ideology.

655
01:11:30,680 --> 01:11:35,800
I have heard that in Israel there is
a very small group–

656
01:11:35,960 --> 01:11:42,720
– which aspires to
a peaceful life for all in Palestine.

657
01:11:42,880 --> 01:11:50,760
But not by the peace Dayan asks for,
not the peace the government talks about–

658
01:11:50,920 --> 01:11:54,520
-without a peace made with people,
between people.

659
01:11:54,680 --> 01:11:59,720
And it doesn't go without a fight,
without a revolution.

660
01:11:59,880 --> 01:12:06,920
Will the Oriental Jews and
the Arabs in Israel to be on your side?

661
01:12:07,080 --> 01:12:10,280
Do you see them as part of your movement?

662
01:12:10,440 --> 01:12:16,240
I don't believe...
The Arab or Oriental Jews–

663
01:12:16,400 --> 01:12:23,080
– will perhaps be much more
reactionary than the European ones.

664
01:12:23,240 --> 01:12:26,720
But revolutionary people
on both sides–

665
01:12:26,880 --> 01:12:33,520
–will join the revolution.
Those who have very...

666
01:12:33,680 --> 01:12:39,080
The capitalists and the bourgeoisie
will always stick to his class.

667
01:12:39,240 --> 01:12:45,080
How do you want a future Palestine
should look like? What kind of state should it be?

668
01:12:45,240 --> 01:12:51,920
A socialist state
where religion has no place.

669
01:12:52,080 --> 01:12:55,160
Not ethnic religion either–

670
01:12:55,320 --> 01:13:01,000
-without a democratic social state
for all people.

671
01:13:09,480 --> 01:13:12,800
I learned to play on one like this
by a young Israeli.

672
01:13:12,960 --> 01:13:16,640
And he had learned
to play on it by Arabs.

673
01:13:16,800 --> 01:13:20,720
Hope they can live together again
sooner or later.

674
01:14:03,400 --> 01:14:06,680
The last years,
a lonely and isolated man–

675
01:14:06,840 --> 01:14:10,000
-but with unbroken spiritual vitality.

676
01:14:10,160 --> 01:14:15,600
He philosophizes about the future. Just
a new "aliyah", a new mass immigration–

677
01:14:15,760 --> 01:14:19,720
-can give Israel a firm footing
on the West Bank.

678
01:14:19,880 --> 01:14:24,840
The main issue that has arisen
after the war reads:

679
01:14:25,000 --> 01:14:29,000
Is a large Jewish immigration possible?

680
01:14:29,160 --> 01:14:32,160
Only from developed countries.

681
01:14:32,320 --> 01:14:35,080
The biggest is of course the USA.

682
01:14:35,240 --> 01:14:39,440
Then Latin America,
England and Western Europe.

683
01:14:40,760 --> 01:14:47,400
If you only got one percent of them
would be 80,000 people per year.

684
01:14:47,560 --> 01:14:51,320
Is Israel's population too small today?

685
01:14:51,480 --> 01:14:57,080
Yes, it is too small.
The country we have now is too big for us.

686
01:14:57,240 --> 01:15:03,640
It wouldn't have been if we had
able to get the immigration we can't get.

687
01:15:03,800 --> 01:15:06,160
For that, a different system is required.

688
01:15:07,040 --> 01:15:11,600
The Russian rearmament of
the Arab states after the Six Day War–

689
01:15:11,760 --> 01:15:16,680
- causes concern. You don't know
what the Soviet Union can come up with.

690
01:15:16,840 --> 01:15:19,560
They are afraid of China.

691
01:15:20,720 --> 01:15:25,280
Nobody can say
what Russia intends to do.

692
01:15:25,440 --> 01:15:28,400
They want to win over the Arabs on their side.

693
01:15:28,560 --> 01:15:32,520
They are prepared to go the distance
to win over them.

694
01:15:32,680 --> 01:15:38,080
If Russia had wanted peace
in the Middle East it had been now.

695
01:15:57,560 --> 01:16:02,960
Of the 6 million Jews who were exterminated
in the German concentration camps–

696
01:16:03,120 --> 01:16:06,280
-were 3.5 million Polish Jews.

697
01:16:06,440 --> 01:16:11,720
After the war it remained
only 150,000 Jews in Poland.

698
01:16:11,880 --> 01:16:14,560
Many emigrated to the new Israel–

699
01:16:14,720 --> 01:16:18,480
- but many also stayed
as faithful communists.

700
01:16:20,440 --> 01:16:24,440
When the new persecutions set in
just over two years ago–

701
01:16:24,600 --> 01:16:27,840
-there were only 24,000 Jews left
in Poland.

702
01:16:28,000 --> 01:16:33,120
Today there are barely 7,000 left,
and the flow of refugees continues.

703
01:16:34,200 --> 01:16:39,160
Here in Warsaw, no one wants to speak out
officially on the Jewish problem.

704
01:16:39,320 --> 01:16:43,000
During a long conversation that Fokus received
at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs–

705
01:16:43,160 --> 01:16:47,640
– it appeared that the Polish government
do not consider responsible–

706
01:16:47,800 --> 01:16:53,000
- because 24,000 Jews emigrated from
Poland only in the last two years.

707
01:16:53,160 --> 01:16:55,520
They have done it voluntarily.

708
01:16:55,680 --> 01:17:00,080
Otherwise, you won't notice
antisemitic attitudes right now.

709
01:17:00,240 --> 01:17:05,000
Some displays at the university
reminiscent of the Six Day War.

710
01:17:05,160 --> 01:17:10,280
The anti-Semitic propaganda has
done under the guise of anti-Zionism–

711
01:17:10,440 --> 01:17:14,480
–that is to say
propaganda against the state of Israel.

712
01:17:17,320 --> 01:17:22,480
With the Polish city ferry Grip
will the refugees come to Ystad.

713
01:17:22,640 --> 01:17:26,680
3-4 dollars in cash
is all they are allowed to bring.

714
01:17:26,840 --> 01:17:31,360
Many want to remain anonymous, therefore
that they have relatives left in Poland.

715
01:17:31,520 --> 01:17:37,520
In addition, the memories of the Nazi era live on
concentration camps still remain.

716
01:17:37,680 --> 01:17:42,440
In Rabka they knocked my teeth out.

717
01:17:42,600 --> 01:17:48,360
I got rid of everyone here and here.

718
01:17:48,520 --> 01:17:53,960
And here in my head I have scars
after being beaten.

719
01:17:54,120 --> 01:17:57,920
What concentration camps were you in?

720
01:17:58,080 --> 01:18:02,800
Rabka, Auschwitz, Gleiwitz–

721
01:18:02,960 --> 01:18:08,280
–Gross-Rosen, Blechhammer,
Buchenwald and Altenburg.

722
01:18:08,440 --> 01:18:12,560
-And your family?
-If my family was with me? No.

723
01:18:12,720 --> 01:18:14,720
How many were you? Your father? Your mother?

724
01:18:14,880 --> 01:18:19,040
My father and mother,
one brother and two sisters.

725
01:18:19,200 --> 01:18:25,600
After the war I returned to Poland,
but found no one from my family there.

726
01:18:25,760 --> 01:18:30,240
When did you first notice
new persecutions in Poland?

727
01:18:30,400 --> 01:18:36,040
I'd rather not talk about that,
because then my wife might get hurt.

728
01:18:38,120 --> 01:18:42,040
Can you talk about
why have you left Poland?

729
01:18:42,200 --> 01:18:48,880
Because it 1968–

730
01:18:49,040 --> 01:18:52,480
-it was not easy to be a Jew in Poland.

731
01:19:05,000 --> 01:19:09,520
There are new Jewish emigrants-
groups practically every day.

732
01:19:09,680 --> 01:19:16,000
Most come by train, like that one
group we met at the station in Vienna.

733
01:19:16,160 --> 01:19:19,280
Young, old, healthy, sick–

734
01:19:19,440 --> 01:19:23,640
-from all parts of the Soviet Union,
from all walks of life.

735
01:19:23,800 --> 01:19:29,360
These have come to Poland by train,
continued through Czechoslovakia–

736
01:19:29,520 --> 01:19:33,400
– and then across the border
to Austria.

737
01:19:33,560 --> 01:19:36,840
On the border between Czechoslovakia
and Austria–

738
01:19:37,000 --> 01:19:41,240
-two Arab terrorists attacked
one of the trains–

739
01:19:41,400 --> 01:19:45,840
-and took three Jews and
an Austrian customs official as a hostage.

740
01:19:46,000 --> 01:19:49,200
The emigrants often have to wait a long time
on an exit permit.

741
01:19:49,360 --> 01:19:56,240
They are often harassed, and lose theirs
Soviet citizenship when they leave.

742
01:19:58,600 --> 01:20:02,680
I am from Vilnius.
From Vilnius in Lithuania.

743
01:20:02,840 --> 01:20:06,120
- Are you sisters?
- Yes, we are sisters.

744
01:20:06,280 --> 01:20:12,040
-How many days have you traveled?
- We have been traveling for two weeks.

745
01:20:12,200 --> 01:20:15,320
- I am from Minsk.
-What is your profession?

746
01:20:15,480 --> 01:20:20,600
-Doctor.
-And now you are on your way to Israel?

747
01:20:20,760 --> 01:20:24,720
Yes, we are already in Vienna.
We are almost home.

748
01:20:24,880 --> 01:20:31,840
- Do you have many relatives there?
-A sister. She is already in Israel.

749
01:20:32,000 --> 01:20:35,480
In the city of Nazareth, where Jesus was born.

750
01:20:35,640 --> 01:20:38,640
Is it dangerous at the moment–

751
01:20:38,800 --> 01:20:44,080
– to travel from the Soviet Union
to Israel via Vienna?

752
01:20:46,040 --> 01:20:49,720
We don't know that.
We had a hard time in Poland.

753
01:20:49,880 --> 01:20:57,800
We heard all sorts of expletives.
They hate our country.

754
01:21:01,960 --> 01:21:10,000
DOWN WITH IMPERIALISM,
ZIONISM AND ISRAEL

755
01:21:15,000 --> 01:21:18,080
Three planes are cut
of the Palestine Liberation Front–

756
01:21:18,240 --> 01:21:21,960
-and is forced to land in the desert
in northern Jordan.

757
01:21:23,680 --> 01:21:28,480
Close to 500 people
are trapped in the hot planes.

758
01:21:31,640 --> 01:21:34,960
One of the most unusual press conferences
held–

759
01:21:35,120 --> 01:21:38,880
–is the one with the captive passengers
and the crewmen.

760
01:21:39,040 --> 01:21:45,360
We got along pretty well
with the men who hijacked the plane.

761
01:21:45,520 --> 01:21:50,040
Did you hesitate to fly?
where he told you to fly?

762
01:21:50,200 --> 01:21:55,400
No, it never was
no doubt about that.

763
01:21:55,560 --> 01:22:01,760
You have a gun pointed at you
and must fly the plane.

764
01:22:01,920 --> 01:22:07,440
And he said
that he had other deadly weapons.

765
01:22:07,600 --> 01:22:10,680
And he said if we don't...

766
01:22:10,840 --> 01:22:16,120
If we didn't do as he wanted
he thought he would blow us up.

767
01:22:16,280 --> 01:22:19,920
-Is there dynamite on the plane?
- I think so.

768
01:22:20,080 --> 01:22:24,560
- Have they threatened to blow you up?
- No, not at all.

769
01:22:24,720 --> 01:22:30,800
They have said very little,
just that everything will be alright.

770
01:22:30,960 --> 01:22:36,720
They said we would get
breakfast, lunch and dinner today.

771
01:22:36,880 --> 01:22:42,320
– What are you doing inside the plane?
- Reads and puts together some puzzles.

772
01:22:42,480 --> 01:22:46,680
- Are you afraid?
- No, people are not afraid now.

773
01:22:46,840 --> 01:22:51,040
I haven't heard from my parents,
but they have probably been informed.

774
01:22:56,600 --> 01:23:01,200
If you don't leave here
all passengers are forced back on board.

775
01:23:03,160 --> 01:23:06,480
The passengers are removed
to be released later.

776
01:23:11,800 --> 01:23:17,200
How did these Palestinians behave
commandos when you had landed?

777
01:23:17,360 --> 01:23:22,680
They were nice, extremely helpful,
cordial and friendly.

778
01:23:22,840 --> 01:23:26,200
And they liked the children.
Everyone noticed.

779
01:23:33,560 --> 01:23:39,040
Values worth many millions were destroyed,
but the passengers were safe.

780
01:23:39,200 --> 01:23:44,480
Through the assassination now knew
the whole world what the PFLP stood for.

781
01:24:24,600 --> 01:24:28,360
Five o'clock in the morning
on September 16–

782
01:24:28,520 --> 01:24:31,480
-began the fighting in Amman.

783
01:24:31,640 --> 01:24:36,840
Two weeks later
entire neighborhoods lie in ruins.

784
01:24:37,680 --> 01:24:42,280
It's the worst
in and around the refugee camps.

785
01:24:42,440 --> 01:24:48,320
People like before
had a hard time now lost everything.

786
01:24:48,480 --> 01:24:52,400
-Is this your home?
- Yes, this is our home.

787
01:24:52,560 --> 01:24:55,440
Two houses have been destroyed.

788
01:24:55,600 --> 01:25:02,760
The soldiers beat us with an axe.
We will die here.

789
01:25:02,920 --> 01:25:07,080
-What happened to her?
- She got a bullet in the head.

790
01:25:07,240 --> 01:25:10,720
The head was shot. She died.

791
01:25:10,880 --> 01:25:16,000
I held her in my arms
and asked the soldiers about it.

792
01:25:16,160 --> 01:25:21,280
"Look what you've done!" They said:
"Get out! Get in or I'll shoot you!"

793
01:25:24,320 --> 01:25:28,760
They took us and punished us,
me and my son.

794
01:25:28,920 --> 01:25:32,800
And they brought us out into the desert.

795
01:25:32,960 --> 01:25:38,600
- To a camp?
- Yes, and they have kept my son.

796
01:25:40,600 --> 01:25:43,720
Just a couple of miles north of Amman
begins that area–

797
01:25:43,880 --> 01:25:47,240
– as the guerilla
still checking.

798
01:25:47,400 --> 01:25:52,840
There are no government troops here,
none of the king's officials.

799
01:25:53,000 --> 01:25:57,080
Here there is a roadblock by a bridge
that you blew up so much–

800
01:25:57,240 --> 01:26:01,440
- that it will no longer last
for tanks.

801
01:26:14,880 --> 01:26:21,160
This boy and his older brother
walked on a land mine.

802
01:26:21,320 --> 01:26:24,400
The brother is here.

803
01:26:45,880 --> 01:26:50,080
The government says
that the casualties of these battles–

804
01:26:50,240 --> 01:26:54,000
–is something between 700 and 1,000.

805
01:26:55,880 --> 01:27:01,240
The Commandos
talking about tens of thousands of dead–

806
01:27:01,400 --> 01:27:04,160
–twenty-, thirty thousand.

807
01:27:04,320 --> 01:27:08,440
The truth lies well
somewhere in between.

808
01:27:08,600 --> 01:27:13,040
But that thing is clear, it is
among the civilian population that one has–

809
01:27:13,200 --> 01:27:16,680
-most victims
and the greatest suffering.

810
01:27:44,480 --> 01:27:46,800
Cease fire signed in Cairo–

811
01:27:46,960 --> 01:27:50,240
-between King Hussein
and guerrilla leader Yassir Arafat.

812
01:27:50,400 --> 01:27:53,200
President Nasser is the mediator.

813
01:28:14,760 --> 01:28:19,000
Most of Israel's Olympic squad
still held hostage–

814
01:28:19,160 --> 01:28:24,560
– in its location. This since one
group of Palestinian Arab guerrillas–

815
01:28:24,720 --> 01:28:30,360
– broke into the Olympic facility, shot
kill an Israeli wrestling leader–

816
01:28:30,520 --> 01:28:34,280
–injured another Israeli
who later died...

817
01:28:36,000 --> 01:28:40,920
At five o'clock volunteers came
police officers equipped with k-pistars–

818
01:28:41,080 --> 01:28:46,720
-to the building where the assailants
resides with his hostage.

819
01:28:48,040 --> 01:28:52,000
Just a few minutes ago
the police interrupted their plans.

820
01:28:52,160 --> 01:28:57,880
All five policemen who stayed
himself on the roof came down again.

821
01:28:58,040 --> 01:29:01,720
The guerrillas demand
that 200 Palestinian Arabs–

822
01:29:01,880 --> 01:29:05,400
-who are imprisoned in Israel,
to be released–

823
01:29:05,560 --> 01:29:10,480
-otherwise the guerillas' hostages will come
to be shot, they have said.

824
01:29:13,600 --> 01:29:20,360
After the Lufthansa plane landed
came the helicopters with the hostages.

825
01:29:20,520 --> 01:29:25,400
Two of the terrorists stepped forward
to the machine to examine it.

826
01:29:25,560 --> 01:29:28,720
Suddenly there was gunfire.

827
01:29:28,880 --> 01:29:33,360
Apparently it was the police
snipers who had been ready.

828
01:29:33,520 --> 01:29:38,920
They managed to kill three of the terrorist
the grates. One allegedly committed suicide.

829
01:29:39,080 --> 01:29:43,240
One is now being chased by an array of cops–

830
01:29:43,400 --> 01:29:49,320
–with tanks,
with motorcycles, with dogs.

831
01:29:49,480 --> 01:29:56,040
Here at the airfield you can hear all the time...
It is half past two in the morning.

832
01:29:56,200 --> 01:29:59,760
...shot. A police officer is said to have been killed–

833
01:29:59,920 --> 01:30:05,000
-and one of the helicopters
has been set on fire.

834
01:30:18,000 --> 01:30:21,160
Was it real
to continue the Olympics?

835
01:30:21,320 --> 01:30:25,240
They may continue
with its spectacle.

836
01:30:25,400 --> 01:30:31,400
It is noticeable that there are guys
who dare to do things, sacrifice their lives.

837
01:30:31,560 --> 01:30:35,080
-You think it was well done?
- It could have been.

838
01:30:35,240 --> 01:30:41,240
If you look at it from the Palestinian side,
that's cool.

839
01:30:41,400 --> 01:30:46,120
- Good that they end the misery.
- They don't do that, they continue.

840
01:30:46,280 --> 01:30:51,360
Do they continue?! Despite
that even Nixon is against it?

841
01:31:04,440 --> 01:31:06,480
Ze'ev Friedman.

842
01:31:06,640 --> 01:31:09,080
Eliezer Halfin.

843
01:31:09,240 --> 01:31:11,600
Shaul Ladany.

844
01:31:11,760 --> 01:31:14,080
Joseph Romano.

845
01:31:14,240 --> 01:31:16,560
Amitzur Shapira.

846
01:31:16,720 --> 01:31:18,800
Kehat Shorr.

847
01:31:18,960 --> 01:31:21,120
Mark Slavin.

848
01:31:21,280 --> 01:31:24,000
Tuvia Sokolovsky.

849
01:31:24,160 --> 01:31:26,560
Andre Spitzer.

850
01:31:26,720 --> 01:31:28,880
Moshe Weinberg.

851
01:31:31,120 --> 01:31:35,000
It is a hideous abomination
acts of violence.

852
01:31:35,160 --> 01:31:39,520
One feels the deepest sympathy
with the victims of this act of violence.

853
01:31:39,680 --> 01:31:45,320
What can the politicians of the world do
to prevent this in the future?

854
01:31:45,480 --> 01:31:49,600
There is this rising tendency
against terror...

855
01:31:49,760 --> 01:31:52,560
...acts of violence.

856
01:31:52,720 --> 01:31:56,000
You have to intervene against them,
try to prevent–

857
01:31:56,160 --> 01:32:01,560
-and at the same time eliminate the causes,
because there are always reasons–

858
01:32:01,720 --> 01:32:07,080
-to such senseless acts,
and create a more peaceful world.

859
01:32:07,240 --> 01:32:12,480
But it's getting harder and harder
to protect against fanatics.

860
01:33:16,880 --> 01:33:21,360
Elements of criticism of Israel's policies
has begun to be noticed.

861
01:33:21,520 --> 01:33:27,600
Even in Sweden, the debate about Israel has
changed after the Six Day War.

862
01:33:27,760 --> 01:33:32,040
In the past, they looked at Israel
as the weak party in the conflict.

863
01:33:32,200 --> 01:33:37,600
After 1967, many have started to see
on Israel as the strong party–

864
01:33:37,760 --> 01:33:42,960
- not least militarily. In addition
have you gained an increased awareness–

865
01:33:43,120 --> 01:33:47,800
-about the Palestinian nation
rights.

866
01:33:47,960 --> 01:33:53,400
Previously, most people knew enough
hardly anything about the Palestinians.

867
01:33:53,560 --> 01:33:56,560
It seems that many believed–

868
01:33:56,720 --> 01:34:00,920
- that this area was
practically empty of people–

869
01:34:01,080 --> 01:34:05,840
-when the Jews immigrated
after World War II.

870
01:34:06,000 --> 01:34:11,000
Many people probably think it is unreasonable
that a state exists–

871
01:34:11,160 --> 01:34:14,160
-on religious grounds.

872
01:34:16,080 --> 01:34:20,440
I still believe that Israel's
friends are in the majority in Sweden.

873
01:34:20,600 --> 01:34:26,400
Society is based on socialist,
democratic values.

874
01:34:26,560 --> 01:34:30,640
Development is very fast
in Israel – financially, technically.

875
01:34:30,800 --> 01:34:36,280
It is becoming a developed industrial
state with its usual characteristics–

876
01:34:36,440 --> 01:34:39,760
- also with some negative phenomena.

877
01:34:39,920 --> 01:34:44,680
But it is a very friendly,
very solidary society.

878
01:34:47,800 --> 01:34:52,280
This is the city of Ramla
a little over a mile outside of Tel Aviv.

879
01:34:52,440 --> 01:34:55,560
Most poor
are Oriental Jews.

880
01:34:55,720 --> 01:35:01,360
They have come from countries like
Morocco, Iraq, Bulgaria and Turkey.

881
01:35:01,520 --> 01:35:04,400
Oriental Jews
called Sephardim–

882
01:35:04,560 --> 01:35:08,840
-and make up more than half
of the Jewish population in Israel.

883
01:35:09,000 --> 01:35:13,920
The difference between them and the Ashkenazim,
Jews from Europe and the United States–

884
01:35:14,080 --> 01:35:15,640
– is frighteningly large.

885
01:35:15,800 --> 01:35:18,040
-How many people live here?
-Six.

886
01:35:18,200 --> 01:35:20,760
– Six people?
-Yes.

887
01:35:20,920 --> 01:35:24,560
-And how do you sleep?
- All together.

888
01:35:24,720 --> 01:35:27,600
-How many children do you have?
-Four.

889
01:35:27,760 --> 01:35:31,400
- Have you always lived here?
- I am from Bulgaria.

890
01:35:31,560 --> 01:35:34,400
-What is it like to live here?
- Not good.

891
01:35:34,560 --> 01:35:40,280
- Have you asked anyone for better accommodation?
-Social services.

892
01:35:40,440 --> 01:35:43,440
-And what do they say?
-Nothing.

893
01:35:43,600 --> 01:35:46,880
-Do they say they have nothing?
-Nothing.

894
01:35:52,520 --> 01:35:55,960
THE BLACK PANTHERS

895
01:35:56,120 --> 01:35:59,920
Israel's Black Panthers
has for a couple of years waged a fierce battle–

896
01:36:00,080 --> 01:36:03,120
-for the Oriental Jews
rights.

897
01:36:03,280 --> 01:36:09,560
Some cases are worse, some are better,
but there are tens of thousands of cases.

898
01:36:09,720 --> 01:36:16,920
This is the result
of our government, our regime, our Zionism.

899
01:36:17,080 --> 01:36:24,480
In my opinion, this is the biggest crime
that can happen in the world today.

900
01:36:24,640 --> 01:36:29,960
The greatest crime is to abandon people.
First bring them here from their countries–

901
01:36:30,120 --> 01:36:33,960
-promise them gold and green forests
and then abandon them like this–

902
01:36:34,120 --> 01:36:38,120
-in a terrible situation, as you have seen.

903
01:36:38,280 --> 01:36:42,000
ENOUGH WITH POVERTY

904
01:36:42,160 --> 01:36:49,320
People are beginning to understand their situation.
Above all people who are poor.

905
01:36:49,480 --> 01:36:54,200
And they are prepared to fight for them,
which they have not always been.

906
01:36:54,360 --> 01:36:57,400
In the past, people always suffered in silence.

907
01:36:57,560 --> 01:37:00,720
Today it is more accepted in the world–

908
01:37:00,880 --> 01:37:05,040
-that the state of Israel is
like all other capitalist countries.

909
01:37:05,200 --> 01:37:09,520
That there is poverty
and those who live at the expense of others.

910
01:37:09,680 --> 01:37:14,960
And that there is no difference
between Israel, the United States and other countries.

911
01:37:18,240 --> 01:37:23,360
About 400,000 Arabs
live in the State of Israel.

912
01:37:23,520 --> 01:37:27,960
They are Israeli citizens,
but are discriminated against.

913
01:37:28,120 --> 01:37:31,720
“They are second-class citizens
in the Jewish state."

914
01:37:31,880 --> 01:37:35,440
So say critical voices,
and they are also found within the country–

915
01:37:35,600 --> 01:37:40,760
-among other things in the covenant of Israel
for human rights.

916
01:37:40,920 --> 01:37:45,280
Israel does not have the same legislation
for all citizens.

917
01:37:45,440 --> 01:37:52,240
People of a certain ethnicity, religion
and nationality preferred over others.

918
01:37:52,400 --> 01:37:59,440
We Jews would never tolerate persecution
of a Jewish minority in some other country–

919
01:37:59,600 --> 01:38:04,720
-so we shouldn't tolerate it in Israel,
that we do that to others.

920
01:38:04,880 --> 01:38:10,160
I don't agree
my Prime Minister, Mrs. Golda Meir–

921
01:38:10,320 --> 01:38:16,200
– who had the audacity to for approx
six weeks, two months ago say–

922
01:38:16,360 --> 01:38:19,440
-that in the evenings she worries about-

923
01:38:19,600 --> 01:38:23,680
-how many Arab children were born
during yesterday–

924
01:38:23,840 --> 01:38:30,680
-and how many Jews.
And she calls herself a socialist.

925
01:38:30,840 --> 01:38:37,280
This is not just
a shockingly reactionary opinion.

926
01:38:37,440 --> 01:38:40,680
Only Enoch Powell in England
worry about that too.

927
01:38:40,840 --> 01:38:46,640
But I don't shy away
to compare it with Nazi views.

928
01:38:46,800 --> 01:38:53,160
Maybe not Nazism in the 40s.
I sat in Bergen-Belsen for almost two years.

929
01:38:53,320 --> 01:38:58,640
But racist Nazism like that
looked like in the 1920s and 1930s.

930
01:38:58,800 --> 01:39:02,960
When Nazism arose
in the early 20s–

931
01:39:03,120 --> 01:39:06,800
- were worried about
the number of Jewish children in Germany–

932
01:39:06,960 --> 01:39:11,680
- and how many Jews there were
on this and that position in Germany.

933
01:39:11,840 --> 01:39:17,840
That's how Nazism began.
I believe that our society–

934
01:39:18,000 --> 01:39:22,440
-or my society to which I belong
as a law-abiding citizen–

935
01:39:22,600 --> 01:39:24,960
– is being nazified.

936
01:39:25,120 --> 01:39:30,760
And it is my duty, just as it were
in Germany 30–40 years ago–

937
01:39:30,920 --> 01:39:35,560
- to do what I can legally
and democratic way to prevent–

938
01:39:35,720 --> 01:39:39,720
- that there is a nazification
of my community and my people.

939
01:40:16,480 --> 01:40:21,680
In the territories conquered by Israel
live about one million Arabs.

940
01:40:21,840 --> 01:40:27,120
Their situation has greatly
changed after the Six Day War.

941
01:40:27,280 --> 01:40:30,640
A few miles south of Jerusalem
lies the city of Hebron–

942
01:40:30,800 --> 01:40:33,960
-also the Jordanian before 1967.

943
01:40:35,040 --> 01:40:39,560
I have never considered the West Bank
as occupied territory–

944
01:40:39,720 --> 01:40:44,520
-because ever since I was little...
I come from a religious family–

945
01:40:44,680 --> 01:40:48,800
-and we had the Bible
and the books of the prophets.

946
01:40:48,960 --> 01:40:53,440
And in it Hebron is mentioned
as the place where Abraham lived.

947
01:40:53,600 --> 01:40:59,840
And I never thought much of it
on the political aspects.

948
01:41:00,000 --> 01:41:05,320
It said that the Jews would return
to Israel from all over the world.

949
01:41:05,480 --> 01:41:08,080
So when we saw the miracle happen–

950
01:41:08,240 --> 01:41:12,120
–we were surprised
and couldn't believe it was true.

951
01:41:12,280 --> 01:41:19,240
But with time more and more prophecies are fulfilled,
so we begin to see it as quite natural.

952
01:41:21,560 --> 01:41:25,200
Ramat Magshimim on the Golan Heights
is a kind of kibbutz–

953
01:41:25,360 --> 01:41:28,120
- so a completely civilian facility.

954
01:41:28,280 --> 01:41:33,840
Why have you moved here?
It is not exactly a hospitable place.

955
01:41:35,840 --> 01:41:42,360
It is difficult to answer. This is
part of Israel. People have to live here.

956
01:41:42,520 --> 01:41:46,440
It is also practical.
The government sponsors the accommodation.

957
01:41:46,600 --> 01:41:49,560
Every month, new people move here.

958
01:41:49,720 --> 01:41:55,040
The government says that this
will remain Israeli territory.

959
01:41:55,200 --> 01:41:58,880
That is the purpose.
Therefore there are settlements here.

960
01:42:02,600 --> 01:42:05,880
Nor the Gaza Strip
will separate from Israel–

961
01:42:06,040 --> 01:42:11,440
-not even after a peace agreement-
arrival, according to official sources.

962
01:42:11,600 --> 01:42:16,200
This is contrary to that resolution
which the UN adopted in 1967–

963
01:42:16,360 --> 01:42:19,880
-and confirmed
as late as December 1972.

964
01:42:20,040 --> 01:42:24,800
There it is said that occupied
territories must be returned.

965
01:42:50,840 --> 01:42:54,280
The attack came on
the holiest of Israel's holidays.

966
01:42:54,440 --> 01:42:57,600
Egypt was very successful.

967
01:42:57,760 --> 01:43:03,400
They took a good chunk of their old country
on the other side of the Suez Canal.

968
01:43:03,560 --> 01:43:08,640
The crossing of the canal was filmed.
Some battles were not filmed–

969
01:43:08,800 --> 01:43:12,360
- but they filmed
the joy the soldiers showed.

970
01:43:14,040 --> 01:43:19,720
Here, two Arab states attacked
was his front in a coordinated attack.

971
01:43:19,880 --> 01:43:26,520
The Syrian army went far into it
of Israel occupied the Golan area.

972
01:43:32,320 --> 01:43:37,360
It took several days before Israel's
war machine got going in earnest.

973
01:43:37,520 --> 01:43:40,800
Then they met stiff resistance.

974
01:43:42,280 --> 01:43:48,440
Robots of the Soviet model posed
to severe problems for Israel's aviation.

975
01:43:57,080 --> 01:44:01,840
President Sadat said the other day
that the war must continue.

976
01:44:02,000 --> 01:44:07,160
He is prepared to sacrifice
one million men every year.

977
01:44:08,280 --> 01:44:10,200
You shudder.

978
01:44:10,360 --> 01:44:15,200
Not just the thought of
that a million men sacrifice their lives–

979
01:44:15,360 --> 01:44:20,240
-but that a people's leader can say that.

980
01:44:21,080 --> 01:44:24,320
We don't want dead on our side.

981
01:44:24,480 --> 01:44:28,640
We do not rejoice
to cause death in others.

982
01:44:28,800 --> 01:44:34,680
But this people has, despite that
it's small and surrounded by enemies–

983
01:44:34,840 --> 01:44:36,840
- decided to live.

984
01:44:37,000 --> 01:44:42,280
And if we have to pay the price
to live, we must do it.

985
01:44:52,960 --> 01:44:56,680
Foreign Minister Abba Eban
came unexpectedly to New York–

986
01:44:56,840 --> 01:45:02,560
– to support the growing campaign
to help Israel with money.

987
01:45:02,720 --> 01:45:07,080
Israel wants your love
and your solidarity.

988
01:45:07,240 --> 01:45:12,200
Do we have your love and your solidarity?

989
01:45:13,600 --> 01:45:17,400
If we have that, we are sure to win.

990
01:45:17,560 --> 01:45:23,120
Then we will come out of the darkness
to a glorious dawn.

991
01:45:23,840 --> 01:45:27,360
Money, as under
first week of the war–

992
01:45:27,520 --> 01:45:31,280
– has flowed into a tempo
of over a million dollars an hour.

993
01:45:31,440 --> 01:45:37,640
Businessmen who donate themselves
large sums work in our office–

994
01:45:37,800 --> 01:45:43,280
-for 18 hours, because we have to close
at midnight. You cannot call later.

995
01:45:43,440 --> 01:45:50,880
They call up people and ask
about very large individual contributions.

996
01:46:12,480 --> 01:46:17,560
Seventh day of the war in Mellersta
The East. Violent fighting in the north.

997
01:46:17,720 --> 01:46:19,960
That the war demands sacrifices for Israel–

998
01:46:20,120 --> 01:46:24,920
- is evident from this report
from the Israeli side of the Golan front.

999
01:46:31,640 --> 01:46:33,960
No Syrian planes were seen...

1000
01:46:34,120 --> 01:46:39,840
Heavy losses for Israel. How does it feel
being here and watching the war on TV?

1001
01:46:40,000 --> 01:46:45,480
It feels very, very bad
that the boys...

1002
01:46:45,640 --> 01:46:48,160
...falls at the front.

1003
01:46:51,240 --> 01:46:55,840
-Yes...
-Who will win the war?

1004
01:46:56,000 --> 01:47:02,240
I'm... We're sure
that Israel will win the war.

1005
01:47:02,400 --> 01:47:07,200
But it's not just with your own power,
but with the help of the United States as well.

1006
01:47:07,360 --> 01:47:11,560
Attacks have been directed at targets
in Damascus, the Syrian capital.

1007
01:47:11,720 --> 01:47:14,600
Civilian victims have also been claimed there.

1008
01:47:14,760 --> 01:47:21,000
How does it feel to be a Palestinian?
here in Sweden and watch the war on TV?

1009
01:47:21,160 --> 01:47:24,240
It feels uncomfortable, worrying.

1010
01:47:24,400 --> 01:47:29,600
You hear conflicting information, man
don't really know how it works.

1011
01:47:29,760 --> 01:47:32,280
So you are kind of worried.

1012
01:47:32,440 --> 01:47:37,720
I know many people in the guerrillas. Me
assume that most Arabs in Sweden–

1013
01:47:37,880 --> 01:47:44,600
-has a relative, an acquaintance, a friend
or a school friend in the guerilla.

1014
01:47:46,840 --> 01:47:49,920
I feel that the Swedish people believe–

1015
01:47:50,080 --> 01:47:54,200
- that they are Arabs
who has set it all up.

1016
01:47:54,360 --> 01:47:57,080
I would like to talk about–

1017
01:47:57,240 --> 01:48:01,760
- that this problem is nothing
problems between Arabs and Jews.

1018
01:48:01,920 --> 01:48:07,600
We have no ill will against Jews. We have
lived together for thousands of years.

1019
01:48:07,760 --> 01:48:12,440
The problem is, firstly
between Arabs and Zionists.

1020
01:48:12,600 --> 01:48:18,720
But above them sit the other great ones
that pokes just to do something.

1021
01:48:18,880 --> 01:48:22,360
How much does this war affect us?

1022
01:48:22,520 --> 01:48:27,400
It's... It's the oil
with which there may be problems.

1023
01:48:27,560 --> 01:48:30,600
And the control of the Middle East–

1024
01:48:30,760 --> 01:48:33,760
– about Russians or Americans
must have control.

1025
01:48:33,920 --> 01:48:39,560
- Do you talk a lot about this?
- Yes, we have had great discussions.

1026
01:48:39,720 --> 01:48:44,200
It hasn't been
talk about something other than this.

1027
01:48:44,360 --> 01:48:46,600
-How are the sympathies?
-50/50.

1028
01:48:46,760 --> 01:48:51,640
- You don't think this is the last war?
- No, I don't think so.

1029
01:48:51,800 --> 01:48:56,000
The Americans must keep going
its war industry.

1030
01:48:56,160 --> 01:49:03,480
The conditions for peace are that they
returns occupied territories.

1031
01:49:03,640 --> 01:49:09,480
-And that the Arab world recognizes Israel.
- They never give back.

1032
01:49:18,800 --> 01:49:23,560
Have you yourself
been involved in combat before?

1033
01:49:23,720 --> 01:49:28,960
Previously, yes. -67, in the Six Day War.

1034
01:49:31,040 --> 01:49:33,360
Also in Sinai.

1035
01:49:33,520 --> 01:49:37,800
– Can you tell me about it?
-Yes...

1036
01:49:38,800 --> 01:49:42,280
War is war, and that...

1037
01:49:42,440 --> 01:49:45,920
It's something...
What should I say...?

1038
01:49:46,080 --> 01:49:52,440
It is a very difficult one, I think,
experience.

1039
01:49:52,600 --> 01:49:57,800
I saw an Egyptian soldier,
an officer–

1040
01:49:57,960 --> 01:50:03,200
– that lay on the sand in the sun...

1041
01:50:05,200 --> 01:50:12,840
And he had a slip of paper in his pocket,
as I could see.

1042
01:50:13,000 --> 01:50:17,080
Because it was an officer–

1043
01:50:17,240 --> 01:50:23,240
– I thought maybe it was something
documents that could be of interest.

1044
01:50:23,400 --> 01:50:28,240
Then when I took out the paper...

1045
01:50:28,400 --> 01:50:32,520
...then I saw it was a letter.

1046
01:50:32,680 --> 01:50:38,840
One, you could say,
love letter in arabic.

1047
01:50:39,000 --> 01:50:41,640
And I read the letter.

1048
01:50:44,040 --> 01:50:50,040
Yes. And when I read the letter
I understood that...

1049
01:50:52,000 --> 01:50:55,440
...the guy and...

1050
01:50:55,600 --> 01:51:02,800
...the lady, or the woman
who had written the letter, were newlyweds.

1051
01:51:03,440 --> 01:51:09,240
It's a feeling
of a responsibility that one has been given–

1052
01:51:09,400 --> 01:51:14,480
– without wanting to have
such a responsibility. That actually...

1053
01:51:14,640 --> 01:51:17,520
...sentence someone to death.

1054
01:51:31,320 --> 01:51:35,720
The 3rd Egyptian Army Corps
was called in the last days–

1055
01:51:35,880 --> 01:51:39,240
-before the truce
entered into force in the Sinai Peninsula.

1056
01:51:39,400 --> 01:51:42,160
Just over 20,000 Egyptian soldiers–

1057
01:51:42,320 --> 01:51:46,520
– is located behind the sandbanks
on the other side of the channel.

1058
01:51:46,680 --> 01:51:52,840
About fifty come every day
of the encircled Egyptian soldiers–

1059
01:51:53,000 --> 01:51:55,840
– across the channel
to pick up supplies.

1060
01:51:56,000 --> 01:52:00,360
Without them
the soldiers would quickly perish.

1061
01:52:00,520 --> 01:52:05,080
There are many explanations for this
why the Israelis agreed to this.

1062
01:52:05,240 --> 01:52:08,720
One has been that the US coerced Israel
to the concession.

1063
01:52:08,880 --> 01:52:13,320
Egypt, and indirectly the Soviet Union, would
not be allowed to lose face completely–

1064
01:52:13,480 --> 01:52:16,080
–by the loss of an entire army corps.

1065
01:52:30,440 --> 01:52:33,160
The Lebanese
and the Israeli way–

1066
01:52:33,320 --> 01:52:37,040
–run in parallel
along the border's barbed wire mesh.

1067
01:52:37,200 --> 01:52:42,400
The guerrilla can take over - and then
the Israeli revenge is coming.

1068
01:52:43,080 --> 01:52:46,240
The 11th of April
– guerrilla attack on Kiryat Shmonah.

1069
01:52:46,400 --> 01:52:51,920
Several children died when they were thrown down
from the house that the guerrillas stormed.

1070
01:52:52,080 --> 01:52:55,120
The final battle was extremely violent.

1071
01:52:55,280 --> 01:53:00,640
When the guerrillas realized their impossible
position, they blew themselves to pieces.

1072
01:53:00,800 --> 01:53:03,520
Israeli revenge against Lebanon
two days later.

1073
01:53:03,680 --> 01:53:07,280
Attack on six villages.
Two women killed, civilians abducted–

1074
01:53:07,440 --> 01:53:11,280
–24 houses are blown up,
but the guerrilla escapes.

1075
01:53:11,440 --> 01:53:15,560
The air raid we did last night
can we redo.

1076
01:53:15,720 --> 01:53:22,240
To be clear:
if we cannot live in peace on our side–

1077
01:53:22,400 --> 01:53:27,440
-comes the entire southern part of Lebanon
to become uninhabitable.

1078
01:53:29,440 --> 01:53:35,520
The people of Lebanon have to sit in between
in the war between Israel and Palestine.

1079
01:53:35,680 --> 01:53:39,480
We receive
all kinds of people.

1080
01:53:39,640 --> 01:53:43,360
We rarely receive guerillas.

1081
01:53:43,520 --> 01:53:50,520
People pick up what they think are toys,
but which is something the Israelis threw in there.

1082
01:53:50,680 --> 01:53:57,440
This boy saw a pencil.
It was of course attractive to the boy.

1083
01:53:57,600 --> 01:54:01,960
He picked it up
and then it exploded.

1084
01:54:02,120 --> 01:54:05,640
It led to
that he lost both his hands.

1085
01:54:05,800 --> 01:54:12,640
We saved him,
but it is a very sad situation.

1086
01:54:12,800 --> 01:54:17,160
A twelve-year-old boy without both his hands.

1087
01:54:34,240 --> 01:54:40,600
About Khrushchev's famous shoe belongs
to the eternal memories here in the UN building–

1088
01:54:40,760 --> 01:54:45,840
-so was this year's contribution
the kind of memories when Yassir Arafat–

1089
01:54:46,000 --> 01:54:50,320
–with the revolver holster visible,
spoke before the general assembly.

1090
01:54:50,480 --> 01:54:54,320
This is an important event.

1091
01:54:54,480 --> 01:55:02,080
The Palestine issue is raised again
before the United Nations.

1092
01:55:02,240 --> 01:55:05,920
He said he was coming
with a freedom fighter's rifle–

1093
01:55:06,080 --> 01:55:09,200
-but also with an olive branch of peace.

1094
01:55:11,440 --> 01:55:18,040
The only answer we got after his speech
was from Mr. Rabin.

1095
01:55:18,200 --> 01:55:25,200
He said: “The only negotiations
we intend to include the PLO is on the battlefield."

1096
01:55:25,360 --> 01:55:32,080
But on the other hand, we have received other answers
from the majority of world opinion.

1097
01:55:32,240 --> 01:55:39,400
And the entire Arab world recognizes the PLO
and the rights of our people.

1098
01:55:39,560 --> 01:55:45,320
All our people now stand united
under the leadership of the PLO.

1099
01:55:45,480 --> 01:55:51,480
These factors do
that we are approaching independence.

1100
01:55:54,440 --> 01:55:59,480
But almost at the same time
other guerrillas attacked Bet She'an.

1101
01:55:59,640 --> 01:56:06,160
In mindless rage burns
Israeli men's dead bodies.

1102
01:56:51,800 --> 01:56:54,960
The place is called Al Nagila–

1103
01:56:55,120 --> 01:57:00,280
– and is an old railway station
on the railway between Gaza and Cairo.

1104
01:57:00,440 --> 01:57:05,720
For three weeks in a row serves
the boys in the so-called the buffer zone–

1105
01:57:05,880 --> 01:57:08,640
-between the armies of Israel and Egypt.

1106
01:57:10,200 --> 01:57:15,240
In the summer, the temperature can sometimes
go up to 50 degrees in the shade–

1107
01:57:15,400 --> 01:57:18,320
- if you can find someone like that.

1108
01:57:18,480 --> 01:57:23,760
And nothing but sand and mines
as far as the eye can see.

1109
01:57:27,080 --> 01:57:31,320
Why then apply for a UN position?
Is it for the thrill?

1110
01:57:31,480 --> 01:57:35,320
- It is different from man to man.
- Experiences.

1111
01:57:35,480 --> 01:57:39,000
What do you not do for peace?

1112
01:57:40,200 --> 01:57:43,720
Briefly:
I'll be grateful if I don't have to–

1113
01:57:43,880 --> 01:57:51,880
-the Swedish society of abundance for
some month. It is worth quite a lot.

1114
01:57:52,040 --> 01:57:56,840
- It gives you perspective on Sweden?
-Yes. We are spoiled in Sweden.

1115
01:57:57,000 --> 01:58:01,080
It's nice to get out and see–

1116
01:58:01,240 --> 01:58:06,520
– a little close to the real problems
that exist in the world.

1117
01:58:07,640 --> 01:58:13,760
-How many highlights have there been?
- Not many.

1118
01:58:13,920 --> 01:58:17,400
Where did you get the wood from?
in all this sand?

1119
01:58:17,560 --> 01:58:21,320
–Railway sleepers.
-From the old railway?

1120
01:58:21,480 --> 01:58:27,280
Tornedalings are used to the sauna.
They cannot do without a sauna.

1121
01:58:38,480 --> 01:58:43,040
A bit of news: Henry Kissinger,
US Secretary of State–

1122
01:58:43,200 --> 01:58:46,440
– lands tomorrow in Israel
for talks with Rabin.

1123
01:58:46,600 --> 01:58:51,120
He says he is ready
to cede land in Sinai–

1124
01:58:51,280 --> 01:58:58,040
-provided that Egypt
agrees to a non-aggression pact.

1125
01:59:00,280 --> 01:59:04,160
Negotiations in shuttle traffic.
Here in Jerusalem.

1126
01:59:04,320 --> 01:59:07,280
Then Aswan, then Damascus.

1127
01:59:07,440 --> 01:59:11,000
Henry Kissinger
rushing between the negotiating tables.

1128
01:59:11,160 --> 01:59:16,280
Here the image of the man is created
which chisels out the new peace.

1129
01:59:16,440 --> 01:59:21,200
But in Israel the image is of him
different – highly critical.

1130
01:59:21,360 --> 01:59:27,200
An opinion believes that Kissinger rather
affairs of the Arabs than Israel's.

1131
01:59:34,760 --> 01:59:42,040
On March 22 left a bitter
Kissinger headquarters in Jerusalem.

1132
01:59:42,200 --> 01:59:45,880
He let it be understood that it was
Israel's hardline approach–

1133
01:59:46,040 --> 01:59:49,120
–as caused
the breakdown in negotiations.

1134
01:59:49,280 --> 01:59:53,160
Kissinger's method of grinding down counter-
the sentences in their constituent parts–

1135
01:59:53,320 --> 01:59:58,360
-to then create an overall-
solution, failed miserably.

1136
01:59:58,520 --> 02:00:01,760
The flag at the US Embassy
here in Tel Aviv–

1137
02:00:01,920 --> 02:00:06,960
– has previously symbolized
a very strong support for Israel.

1138
02:00:07,120 --> 02:00:10,880
But now the US government will
rethinking its Middle East policy–

1139
02:00:11,040 --> 02:00:13,600
-and his relationship with Israel.

1140
02:00:14,720 --> 02:00:18,200
There is nothing to reconsider
about the Middle East.

1141
02:00:18,360 --> 02:00:20,560
- They say so.
-No.

1142
02:00:20,720 --> 02:00:28,400
They are rethinking US strategy
and diplomacy in the world.

1143
02:00:28,560 --> 02:00:31,160
Over the past few months–

1144
02:00:31,320 --> 02:00:35,920
–has the events in the Middle East
have not been the worst against the United States.

1145
02:00:36,080 --> 02:00:40,200
What you should learn
of other theaters of war–

1146
02:00:40,360 --> 02:00:45,400
–is that Israel should be able to defend itself
on his own, for his own sake.

1147
02:00:45,560 --> 02:00:49,600
So you are not afraid of
what can the reconsideration lead to?

1148
02:00:49,760 --> 02:00:54,040
Fear is a bad counselor.

1149
02:00:54,200 --> 02:00:57,720
You know
what did president roosevelt once say?

1150
02:00:57,880 --> 02:01:01,840
The only thing we have to fear
is fear itself.

1151
02:01:06,840 --> 02:01:11,800
I can guarantee
that the fighting ceases at the borders–

1152
02:01:11,960 --> 02:01:15,240
–when they withdraw
to my limits.

1153
02:01:15,400 --> 02:01:23,320
And I'm not going to include
any separate agreement with Israel.

1154
02:01:23,480 --> 02:01:25,760
I have to say–

1155
02:01:25,920 --> 02:01:30,920
- that the Palestine issue is the cause
to the entire conflict in the Middle East.

1156
02:01:31,080 --> 02:01:35,600
It is not the Sinai or the Golan Heights,
without the Palestine issue.

1157
02:01:35,760 --> 02:01:42,400
So together with the PLO, everything can be solved.

1158
02:02:09,720 --> 02:02:14,120
Beirut, Tuesday. Kissinger's pre-
deeds between Egypt and Israel–

1159
02:02:14,280 --> 02:02:16,400
–escalating tensions in Lebanon–

1160
02:02:16,560 --> 02:02:20,800
–the Arab country where the Palestinians
has the greatest freedom of movement.

1161
02:02:20,960 --> 02:02:25,000
Here we give the Palestinians' view
on the current mode.

1162
02:02:25,160 --> 02:02:32,600
We intend to step up our military
operation in our occupied country.

1163
02:02:32,760 --> 02:02:36,880
And we intend to step up the fight
in several areas:

1164
02:02:37,040 --> 02:02:42,320
Political, diplomatic
and also between our peoples.

1165
02:02:42,480 --> 02:02:46,560
Kissinger came here to complete–

1166
02:02:46,720 --> 02:02:52,880
-that worked out between Egypt's
capitulating regime and Israel.

1167
02:02:53,040 --> 02:02:57,320
Do you see Mr. Sadat as a traitor?

1168
02:02:58,400 --> 02:03:03,560
When we say
that Egypt's regime has capitulated–

1169
02:03:03,720 --> 02:03:07,520
- we mean that he has capitulated
in the face of imperialism.

1170
02:03:07,680 --> 02:03:12,520
"Yankee go home," say Israelis
on the right and Arabs on the left.

1171
02:03:12,680 --> 02:03:15,120
They agree on something,
says Kissinger.

1172
02:03:15,280 --> 02:03:20,800
Here he is criticized
to turn a blind eye to the Palestine issue.

1173
02:03:20,960 --> 02:03:23,720
To disturb the Egyptian-Israeli
the negotiations–

1174
02:03:23,880 --> 02:03:28,640
- sent the militant
extremist group PFLP in–

1175
02:03:28,800 --> 02:03:32,480
- a suicide squad
against an Israeli kibbutz.

1176
02:03:32,640 --> 02:03:37,640
After a six-hour firefight
where the three guerrillas were killed.

1177
02:03:38,760 --> 02:03:42,840
The other day you sent
a suicide squad to Israel.

1178
02:03:43,000 --> 02:03:46,160
Do you intend to intensify such measures?

1179
02:03:47,200 --> 02:03:53,040
We have said that we intend to step up
our operations against the enemy Israel.

1180
02:03:53,200 --> 02:03:57,520
You yourself have been injured.
How does that happen?

1181
02:03:57,680 --> 02:04:00,040
Does it have to do with the fight?

1182
02:04:02,520 --> 02:04:08,360
It is because of the terrorist attitude of the Israelis.

1183
02:04:09,600 --> 02:04:17,040
The enemy Israel sent a bomb book
which exploded three years ago...

1184
02:04:18,360 --> 02:04:24,200
...to try to get this magazine
to put down.

1185
02:04:24,360 --> 02:04:27,320
Or to silence us.

1186
02:04:28,160 --> 02:04:31,360
Beirut has been shaken
of fierce battles–

1187
02:04:31,520 --> 02:04:35,320
-between militia from the Christian
conservative Falangist party–

1188
02:04:35,480 --> 02:04:39,680
-and militia from left-wing radicals
Muslim groups.

1189
02:04:40,680 --> 02:04:44,000
The Palestinians believe
the battles be directed against them–

1190
02:04:44,160 --> 02:04:46,880
-in an attempt
to liquidate the Palestine movement–

1191
02:04:47,040 --> 02:04:51,600
- to facilitate further
Arab-Israeli negotiations.

1192
02:04:52,280 --> 02:04:57,760
You will never sleep in the same place
two nights in a row, right?

1193
02:04:57,920 --> 02:05:05,040
Yes, because I have different activities.

1194
02:05:05,200 --> 02:05:12,080
I am the commander in chief
for the Palestinian forces.

1195
02:05:13,080 --> 02:05:19,680
It is a very difficult revolution.
A revolution is no picnic.

1196
02:05:21,880 --> 02:05:27,960
What characterizes Beirut is dense
tension after the recent battles.

1197
02:05:28,120 --> 02:05:32,760
The distance may seem great between
the pleasant life on the beach–

1198
02:05:32,920 --> 02:05:36,680
-and the daily, open ones
the contradictions.

1199
02:05:36,840 --> 02:05:39,680
The various private armies
in Lebanon is growing.

1200
02:05:39,840 --> 02:05:46,240
The Lebanese army is several times
if enumerated by innumerable groups.

1201
02:05:47,240 --> 02:05:53,240
Palestinian refugees now do not know
only opposition from groups in Lebanon.

1202
02:05:53,400 --> 02:05:57,040
They have been urged to demonstrate
also against the Sinai Agreement.

1203
02:05:57,200 --> 02:06:02,560
It serves America's and Israel's
interests, not the Arabs.

1204
02:06:06,720 --> 02:06:11,680
In the demonstrations you also see them
the heavily armed commandos–

1205
02:06:11,840 --> 02:06:15,040
–walk side by side
with little schoolgirls–

1206
02:06:15,200 --> 02:06:20,120
-proof that the Palestinians
already at the youngest ages–

1207
02:06:20,280 --> 02:06:23,280
-participates in the freedom struggle.

1208
02:06:33,640 --> 02:06:39,360
Have you noticed any major changes?
in US policy towards you?

1209
02:06:39,520 --> 02:06:44,920
Yes, definitely.
We sense a slight change.

1210
02:06:45,080 --> 02:06:52,720
Above all the Israelis. They have...

1211
02:06:54,160 --> 02:06:57,600
Hello? Call me later.

1212
02:06:57,760 --> 02:07:01,000
No, later! Call me later!

1213
02:07:03,840 --> 02:07:08,040
To save the Israelis…

1214
02:07:10,120 --> 02:07:16,680
Especially after theirs
barbaric raids on our refugee camps...

1215
02:07:16,840 --> 02:07:24,120
In those raids were killed and wounded
over 250 people – in a single raid.

1216
02:07:24,280 --> 02:07:29,800
Do you feel that the Swedish
has the government's attitude changed?

1217
02:07:29,960 --> 02:07:34,360
You sent a thank you to the Prime Minister–

1218
02:07:34,520 --> 02:07:38,080
-after the vote in the Security Council.

1219
02:07:38,240 --> 02:07:42,640
Yes, we have definitely felt that.

1220
02:07:43,840 --> 02:07:48,640
We have known
that there has been a big change.

1221
02:07:50,680 --> 02:07:55,480
Not only from the government,
but also from the people.

1222
02:07:55,640 --> 02:08:01,400
And we know how much you did–

1223
02:08:01,560 --> 02:08:04,480
-for the Vietnamese revolution.

1224
02:08:04,640 --> 02:08:09,160
You gave them strong support.
You, the Swedish people.

1225
02:08:09,320 --> 02:08:15,280
So I am sure you will come
to do the same for the Palestinians.

1226
02:08:32,080 --> 02:08:35,360
Beirut is the capital of Lebanon.

1227
02:08:35,520 --> 02:08:40,520
Now that there has been war for 1.5 years
almost all the houses are destroyed.

1228
02:08:40,680 --> 02:08:44,520
There are no schools anymore.
Many children have no home.

1229
02:08:44,680 --> 02:08:47,200
Several have lost their parents–

1230
02:08:47,360 --> 02:08:51,680
-and must try to get food themselves
and somewhere to live.

1231
02:09:07,000 --> 02:09:12,520
Some of the children are trained to
soldiers and fights with the adults.

1232
02:09:19,760 --> 02:09:23,480
Most of the rich
have fled Beirut–

1233
02:09:23,640 --> 02:09:27,880
- but the very poorest
are forced to stay.

1234
02:09:28,040 --> 02:09:31,280
Among them are
the Palestinian refugees.

1235
02:09:31,440 --> 02:09:34,280
They have had to leave
the blown up refugee camps–

1236
02:09:34,440 --> 02:09:38,840
–and moves from place to place
to seek protection.

1237
02:09:43,320 --> 02:09:45,880
In Beirut, water is very scarce.

1238
02:09:46,040 --> 02:09:50,840
Every time you go to the well
is there a risk of being shot.

1239
02:10:18,120 --> 02:10:22,560
Israeli side of the border.
Only Israel has profited from the war.

1240
02:10:22,720 --> 02:10:27,760
Arabs fought against Arabs, and
the palestinians were busy there.

1241
02:10:28,560 --> 02:10:32,280
Israel gives the Christians in the south
help with weapons.

1242
02:10:32,440 --> 02:10:37,720
And Israel has opened the border to
let Lebanese, the old enemies–

1243
02:10:37,880 --> 02:10:41,440
-shop and work in Israel.

1244
02:10:41,600 --> 02:10:47,160
It is a policy that you like
showing off to foreign tourists.

1245
02:10:51,480 --> 02:10:56,600
Before the civil war in Lebanon
there were no border crossings–

1246
02:10:56,760 --> 02:11:01,520
–for Lebanese or Israelis
between Israel and Lebanon.

1247
02:11:01,680 --> 02:11:06,000
Lebanon was an enemy country
who declared war on Israel.

1248
02:11:06,160 --> 02:11:08,320
Jeez...

1249
02:11:08,480 --> 02:11:14,560
We fought here in the Middle East
for the same ideal–

1250
02:11:14,720 --> 02:11:17,040
–like the Christians of southern Lebanon–

1251
02:11:17,200 --> 02:11:21,440
–who fought the Palestinians
and the Muslims of southern Lebanon–

1252
02:11:21,600 --> 02:11:27,120
-which are many and stronger
and supported by the Arab countries.

1253
02:11:29,920 --> 02:11:33,600
Armed Lebanese walk freely
on the Israeli side.

1254
02:11:33,760 --> 02:11:38,200
They wanted to turn to theirs
own brothers for help–

1255
02:11:38,360 --> 02:11:43,120
-but they shot at them,
so they turned to the "enemy".

1256
02:11:43,280 --> 02:11:48,000
And the enemy receives them well.
No horns, no tail.

1257
02:11:49,320 --> 02:11:52,240
An Israeli officer
explaining to tourists…

1258
02:11:52,400 --> 02:11:58,440
This is
a Lebanese nurse.

1259
02:11:58,600 --> 02:12:02,440
...while Lebanese girls
posing with rifle.

1260
02:12:31,880 --> 02:12:35,200
The conservative party Likud says–

1261
02:12:35,360 --> 02:12:40,760
-that not an inch of it should be returned
land God promised the Jewish people.

1262
02:12:40,920 --> 02:12:47,440
The leader, Menachem Begin, finds support
in many places during the election campaign.

1263
02:12:47,600 --> 02:12:51,160
Begin could become the new prime minister.

1264
02:12:51,320 --> 02:12:56,160
What then does Begin think about achieving results
in peace negotiations–

1265
02:12:56,320 --> 02:13:00,480
– and get a solution to the issue
about the occupied West Bank?

1266
02:13:00,640 --> 02:13:05,280
Occupied areas in the West Bank?
I must correct you.

1267
02:13:05,440 --> 02:13:08,280
They are not occupied, but liberated.

1268
02:13:08,440 --> 02:13:13,000
And the so-called West Bank
includes Judea and Samaria.

1269
02:13:13,160 --> 02:13:19,720
Why "occupied"? Too almost
exactly ten years ago, in June 1967–

1270
02:13:19,880 --> 02:13:28,200
-we were attacked, surrounded and threatened
with the extermination of all Arab countries.

1271
02:13:28,360 --> 02:13:31,920
We exercised our right to defend ourselves–

1272
02:13:32,080 --> 02:13:36,080
-and freed Judea,
Samaria and Jerusalem.

1273
02:13:36,240 --> 02:13:39,720
We had every right to–

1274
02:13:39,880 --> 02:13:44,920
- because it was the land of our ancestors.
We have not taken any land from anyone.

1275
02:13:57,120 --> 02:14:00,280
- We intend to continue the fight.
-How then?

1276
02:14:00,440 --> 02:14:06,400
In different ways. Military and otherwise.
This is a matter of justice.

1277
02:14:06,560 --> 02:14:10,400
Raymonda Tawil lives in Ramallah,
north of Jerusalem.

1278
02:14:10,560 --> 02:14:13,360
She is a Palestinian activist,
journalist.

1279
02:14:13,520 --> 02:14:17,480
Spent last year under house arrest
for four months, phone off.

1280
02:14:17,640 --> 02:14:22,520
Police guarded her house. None
was allowed to visit her without supervision.

1281
02:14:22,680 --> 02:14:28,000
Her words explain why Israel-
the ers see her as a security risk.

1282
02:14:28,160 --> 02:14:34,960
We know how great the Western world's sympathy is
for the Jewish people–

1283
02:14:35,120 --> 02:14:39,560
– because of the Holocaust
and what Hitler did.

1284
02:14:39,720 --> 02:14:43,840
But what have we Palestinians done?

1285
02:14:44,000 --> 02:14:50,520
It's not our fault. We have not committed
the sins that Hitler committed.

1286
02:14:50,680 --> 02:14:53,480
Every day we pay the price for them.

1287
02:14:53,640 --> 02:14:58,520
This hatred, this annexation,
this expulsion and this killing.

1288
02:14:58,680 --> 02:15:02,840
We pay the price. Why?
Innocent Palestinians!

1289
02:15:03,000 --> 02:15:08,720
The Israelis say
that you are killing innocent civilians in Israel–

1290
02:15:08,880 --> 02:15:14,520
–through bus bombs,
terrorist attacks and so on.

1291
02:15:14,680 --> 02:15:17,920
That is our answer.

1292
02:15:18,080 --> 02:15:23,560
That's how we answer when you take our home,
expelling us and chasing us out.

1293
02:15:23,720 --> 02:15:27,760
There is no other option
than armed struggle.

1294
02:16:05,720 --> 02:16:09,160
Four wars have been fought
between Israelis and Arabs.

1295
02:16:09,320 --> 02:16:11,760
Four wars in 30 years.

1296
02:16:11,920 --> 02:16:17,240
Then suddenly the president of Egypt is on
visit to Israel's capital, Jerusalem.

1297
02:16:17,400 --> 02:16:23,160
Perhaps the most important event in Israel
history, perhaps more important than the wars.

1298
02:16:27,280 --> 02:16:34,480
The road to peace may be difficult,
but not as hard as the road to war.

1299
02:16:34,640 --> 02:16:38,320
We were and are prepared for–

1300
02:16:38,480 --> 02:16:43,040
-to compromise on all our borders.

1301
02:16:43,200 --> 02:16:49,400
But only on one condition:
the borders must give us security.

1302
02:16:49,560 --> 02:16:56,440
We recognize, of course, that there are Palestinians,
but we believe there is a solution.

1303
02:16:56,600 --> 02:17:01,240
A solution that will be good for them
and safe for us.

1304
02:17:01,400 --> 02:17:04,800
Therefore, there is no connection–

1305
02:17:04,960 --> 02:17:10,080
–between our resistance–

1306
02:17:10,240 --> 02:17:16,680
– against another state between us
and Jordan, a Palestinian state…

1307
02:17:16,840 --> 02:17:22,360
Small, probably not viable,
maybe forced to expand...

1308
02:17:22,520 --> 02:17:25,880
Mr. President,
if we were to agree–

1309
02:17:26,040 --> 02:17:32,200
- there would be 16 kilometers between
the sea and the border of that state.

1310
02:17:33,480 --> 02:17:39,000
You cannot expect us to feel
us safe with such boundaries.

1311
02:17:39,160 --> 02:17:44,800
In our peace agreement with Jordan must
there is a solution for the Palestinians–

1312
02:17:44,960 --> 02:17:48,960
– so that the camps disappear
and belongs to the past.

1313
02:17:49,120 --> 02:17:53,280
But not at the expense
of Israel's security.

1314
02:17:54,400 --> 02:18:01,000
The beginning that you have begun
with great courage and hope for peace–

1315
02:18:01,160 --> 02:18:06,840
-must continue, face to face,
between us and you–

1316
02:18:07,000 --> 02:18:12,920
– so that even an old lady like me
may experience peace.

1317
02:18:13,080 --> 02:18:19,040
- I always say that.
- You always call me an old lady.

1318
02:18:20,080 --> 02:18:22,840
She is not that old, she says.

1319
02:18:36,040 --> 02:18:41,120
Ladies and gentlemen,
President of the United States–

1320
02:18:41,280 --> 02:18:46,200
-The President of Egypt
and the Prime Minister of Israel.

1321
02:18:49,520 --> 02:18:54,080
When we first arrived at Camp David
we agreed on–

1322
02:18:54,240 --> 02:18:59,640
-to pray to all people in the world
to pray for successful negotiations.

1323
02:18:59,800 --> 02:19:03,040
Our prayers have been heard.

1324
02:19:03,200 --> 02:19:07,640
It has gone better than expected.

1325
02:19:09,760 --> 02:19:15,960
An agreement between President Sadat
and Prime Minister Begin is titled:

1326
02:19:16,120 --> 02:19:20,160
"A Framework for Peace in the Middle East."

1327
02:19:24,120 --> 02:19:29,040
It is above all about the future
for the West Bank and Gaza–

1328
02:19:29,200 --> 02:19:34,640
– and the need for
to resolve all aspects of the Palestine issue.

1329
02:19:34,800 --> 02:19:41,560
The framework proposes a five-year transitional
period in the West Bank and in Gaza–

1330
02:19:41,720 --> 02:19:47,600
-during which the Israeli military-
the government will withdraw–

1331
02:19:47,760 --> 02:19:53,320
-and a self-governing authority
will be chosen–

1332
02:19:53,480 --> 02:19:56,240
– which will be independent.

1333
02:19:56,400 --> 02:20:03,200
Israeli forces will remain
at specified locations during the period–

1334
02:20:03,360 --> 02:20:06,400
-to guarantee Israel's security.

1335
02:20:06,560 --> 02:20:11,920
The negotiations are terminated
from the regulations and principles–

1336
02:20:12,080 --> 02:20:17,320
–in UN Security Council Resolution 242.

1337
02:20:17,480 --> 02:20:24,000
It guarantees that Israel can live in peace
within safe and recognized limits.

1338
02:20:31,840 --> 02:20:34,840
The second document is entitled:

1339
02:20:35,000 --> 02:20:40,080
"Framework for the conclusion of a peace treaty"–

1340
02:20:40,240 --> 02:20:43,760
–"between Egypt and Israel."

1341
02:20:43,920 --> 02:20:50,640
It gives Egypt sovereignty over Sinai.

1342
02:20:50,800 --> 02:20:57,640
It requires the Israeli forces
withdraws from Sinai.

1343
02:21:22,080 --> 02:21:24,880
President Carter's motorcade
through Cairo.

1344
02:21:25,040 --> 02:21:29,160
His mediation journey
plus hard pressure paid off.

1345
02:21:29,320 --> 02:21:32,960
It will be a peace treaty
between Egypt and Israel.

1346
02:21:33,120 --> 02:21:39,800
The Americans have to pay for the peace, and
it will be expensive: SEK 30–40 billion.

1347
02:21:40,520 --> 02:21:45,600
Palestinian leader Arafat called
Camp David for a dirty cow trade.

1348
02:21:45,760 --> 02:21:52,760
He vowed to continue the fight for one
Palestinian National Home and against Egypt.

1349
02:21:53,440 --> 02:21:57,520
Among the Palestinians in the West Bank
and in Gaza unrest rose.

1350
02:21:57,680 --> 02:22:03,160
Demonstrations against Israel's occupation
tion became more frequent and violent.

1351
02:22:03,320 --> 02:22:08,160
The condemnations of President Sadat
were hard and unanimous.

1352
02:22:09,240 --> 02:22:15,040
Camp David is like a funeral home
to bury the Palestine issue.

1353
02:22:15,200 --> 02:22:21,960
The outcome of Camp David
and all the agreements they have made–

1354
02:22:22,120 --> 02:22:27,120
– just leads to
that the occupation continues.

1355
02:22:27,280 --> 02:22:29,880
They discuss the Palestine issue–

1356
02:22:30,040 --> 02:22:33,840
-without talking to the people
affected by the problem.

1357
02:22:34,000 --> 02:22:38,120
There is a lot of talk about the peace agreement.

1358
02:22:38,280 --> 02:22:41,320
But what the Israelis do–

1359
02:22:41,480 --> 02:22:48,000
–does not encourage us and does not give us
much faith that what they say is true.

1360
02:22:48,160 --> 02:22:54,400
Right now bulldozers are digging
between Rafah and Khan Yunis.

1361
02:22:54,560 --> 02:22:59,480
The Israelis keep quiet about it,
but they want to build a new settlement–

1362
02:22:59,640 --> 02:23:05,720
- instead of it
which will be torn down in Sinai.

1363
02:23:37,760 --> 02:23:41,760
But if not the smiles
shall solidify on Sadat and Begin–

1364
02:23:41,920 --> 02:23:45,240
- the peace process must continue.

1365
02:23:45,400 --> 02:23:50,000
Now it's time to solve the most difficult one
the knot: the future of the palestinians.

1366
02:23:51,280 --> 02:23:58,160
It is this knot Egypt, Israel
and the US is trying to resolve within a year–

1367
02:23:58,320 --> 02:24:03,240
- with elections for self-government
Palestinian Council as a result.

1368
02:24:04,400 --> 02:24:10,720
A limited autonomy where Israel's
military would be responsible for security.

1369
02:24:10,880 --> 02:24:17,000
This autonomy cannot be found
support for among the Palestinians themselves.

1370
02:24:17,160 --> 02:24:21,400
No one approves the plan on autonomy.

1371
02:24:21,560 --> 02:24:26,120
They say the plan is for the people,
not the country.

1372
02:24:26,280 --> 02:24:29,800
Should the plane hang loosely in the air?

1373
02:24:29,960 --> 02:24:34,240
They are trying to get our own people
to rule over us–

1374
02:24:34,400 --> 02:24:38,400
-but tells them what to do.
It is not autonomy.

1375
02:24:38,560 --> 02:24:43,400
It's just another way…

1376
02:24:46,400 --> 02:24:50,280
...to express the occupation.
They just use different words.

1377
02:24:50,440 --> 02:24:53,240
Our own people are occupying us.

1378
02:24:58,960 --> 02:25:03,400
For the first time since Israel
formed, waving an Israeli flag–

1379
02:25:03,560 --> 02:25:07,240
– over an Israeli embassy
in an Arab country.

1380
02:25:07,400 --> 02:25:12,120
The new Israeli embassy in Cairo
is a visible result–

1381
02:25:12,280 --> 02:25:15,640
–of the Camp David Accords.

1382
02:25:17,440 --> 02:25:21,240
Palestinian schoolgirls
at the embassy cried–

1383
02:25:21,400 --> 02:25:25,040
-and protested loudly
at the opening ceremony.

1384
02:25:46,520 --> 02:25:52,440
In 1948, the Jews proclaimed the state of Israel.
The Arab states immediately attacked.

1385
02:25:52,600 --> 02:25:58,840
Arab refugees poured out.
Some fled from the fighting.

1386
02:25:59,000 --> 02:26:03,200
But some were also driven away
of the Jewish army and terrorist groups.

1387
02:26:03,360 --> 02:26:07,640
A group led by Israel
new prime minister Menachem Begin:

1388
02:26:07,800 --> 02:26:12,520
Irgun Zvai Leumi was in charge
for the Middle East's Song My:

1389
02:26:12,680 --> 02:26:16,120
A massacre of 250 men,
women and children–

1390
02:26:16,280 --> 02:26:18,760
–in the Arab village of Deir Yassin–

1391
02:26:18,920 --> 02:26:22,720
-to scare the Arabs
to leave the area.

1392
02:26:22,880 --> 02:26:25,360
Mr. Begin, in many European countries–

1393
02:26:25,520 --> 02:26:31,320
- are you perceived as a former terrorist leader
who became Prime Minister.

1394
02:26:31,480 --> 02:26:33,880
How would you describe the difference yourself–

1395
02:26:34,040 --> 02:26:39,520
- between your freedom and liberation struggle
and today's terrorist activities?

1396
02:26:39,680 --> 02:26:42,320
Such a comparison is blasphemy.

1397
02:26:42,480 --> 02:26:47,080
My friends and I struggled
against a foreign rule in our country–

1398
02:26:47,240 --> 02:26:50,400
-to save the people from being completely destroyed.

1399
02:26:50,560 --> 02:26:56,480
You remember our liberation struggle during
World War II and immediately thereafter.

1400
02:26:56,640 --> 02:27:00,160
Six million Jews were exterminated
in Western Europe–

1401
02:27:00,320 --> 02:27:03,840
-and the land, which was promised as home
for the Jewish people–

1402
02:27:04,000 --> 02:27:08,280
–was closed to all Jews
who tried to escape from hell.

1403
02:27:08,440 --> 02:27:14,040
We must fight to save our people.
And within the Irgun, which I was the leader of–

1404
02:27:14,200 --> 02:27:17,960
– we did what we could
to warn civilians:

1405
02:27:18,120 --> 02:27:21,760
Men, women and children
who was in the danger zone.

1406
02:27:21,920 --> 02:27:26,040
While the so-called PLO's
genocidal methods–

1407
02:27:26,200 --> 02:27:31,560
–is about transforming civilians
to the target of their attacks.

1408
02:27:31,720 --> 02:27:35,960
Who stands up for the Palestinians today?

1409
02:27:36,120 --> 02:27:39,640
Who are the Palestinians, my friend?
I am Palestinian.

1410
02:28:01,560 --> 02:28:05,760
More settlements require
more military for their protection.

1411
02:28:05,920 --> 02:28:11,240
More military creates increased resistance
and confrontation with the Arabs.

1412
02:28:11,400 --> 02:28:16,600
For the first time, something has been initiated
as Israeli newspapers called–

1413
02:28:16,760 --> 02:28:20,440
- the beginning of the uprising in the West Bank.

1414
02:28:20,600 --> 02:28:25,400
But every Palestinian act
of protest is answered with an iron fist.

1415
02:28:25,560 --> 02:28:30,160
Businessmen on strike
have their shops opened by the police.

1416
02:28:33,840 --> 02:28:37,840
The most active mayors
has been deported.

1417
02:28:38,000 --> 02:28:40,480
The few that remain
has been placed under house arrest–

1418
02:28:40,640 --> 02:28:45,600
-as the mayor of Ramallah,
forbidden to speak to the press.

1419
02:28:45,760 --> 02:28:50,320
Or the mayor of Bethlehem,
Banned he too.

1420
02:28:57,240 --> 02:29:00,040
There is a protest march here.

1421
02:29:01,240 --> 02:29:04,280
It is the left that is here.

1422
02:29:04,960 --> 02:29:08,680
Of course there will be an uproar
when a cop loses his cool.

1423
02:29:08,840 --> 02:29:12,040
Things start to boil between the parties.

1424
02:29:12,200 --> 02:29:17,960
Still, it's remarkable which one
good naturedness both take the provocation.

1425
02:29:20,600 --> 02:29:24,200
Here is of course
barricade fighter Uri Avnery–

1426
02:29:24,360 --> 02:29:28,920
-proponents of a Palestinian state
in the West Bank and in Gaza–

1427
02:29:29,080 --> 02:29:34,120
–and with a conspiracy theory about
why Arab mayors are expelled.

1428
02:29:34,280 --> 02:29:40,840
The government of Israel is interested in
to radicalize Palestinian leadership–

1429
02:29:41,000 --> 02:29:44,800
– to justify
that you cannot talk to Palestinians.

1430
02:29:44,960 --> 02:29:48,960
So according to your theory
is that the goal of Begin's government?

1431
02:29:49,120 --> 02:29:51,920
-Yes.
-To increase violence on both sides?

1432
02:29:52,080 --> 02:29:56,680
I am not claiming
that they intentionally want to increase the violence.

1433
02:29:56,840 --> 02:30:02,760
They want to destroy the basis of a solution
which includes a Palestinian state.

1434
02:30:02,920 --> 02:30:06,680
The occupation
and the annexation of the territory–

1435
02:30:06,840 --> 02:30:12,080
–is for them
the basis of the entire outlook.

1436
02:30:13,760 --> 02:30:18,760
They have an interest in
that the Palestinians are being radicalized.

1437
02:30:32,000 --> 02:30:38,520
One of the Palestinian movement's foremost
men must be buried after an attack.

1438
02:30:38,680 --> 02:30:43,040
His coffin is brought into it
Roman Catholic Church here in Beirut.

1439
02:30:43,200 --> 02:30:49,440
Many of the Palestinians are Christians.
Suddenly a big security push.

1440
02:30:49,600 --> 02:30:53,080
The streets here
quickly mastered by Palestinians.

1441
02:30:55,520 --> 02:31:00,520
And then he comes: Yassir Arafat,
well guarded by their own.

1442
02:31:01,840 --> 02:31:06,520
He has no home, no country
to control. But he has an army.

1443
02:31:09,760 --> 02:31:16,240
The Palestinians have the last six months
received shipments of weapons from Libya.

1444
02:31:16,400 --> 02:31:19,720
The children of Beirut
are raised during war.

1445
02:31:23,400 --> 02:31:25,800
This boy is an orphan.

1446
02:31:25,960 --> 02:31:30,320
The soldiers are his playmates,
the weapons his toys.

1447
02:31:30,480 --> 02:31:36,400
He looks forward to that day with joy
when he himself will be allowed to go into battle.

1448
02:32:36,560 --> 02:32:40,960
At midnight in the printing house rises
the atmosphere. You have to work seriously.

1449
02:32:41,120 --> 02:32:45,840
Materials such as the Arabic newspaper
sent to the Israeli censor–

1450
02:32:46,000 --> 02:32:50,520
– will be back now.
Censored. Heavily censored.

1451
02:32:50,680 --> 02:32:56,040
You can start throwing already
set articles that the censor prohibited.

1452
02:32:56,200 --> 02:32:59,800
The editors go through
a binder of iron-outs–

1453
02:32:59,960 --> 02:33:02,400
-from tomorrow's issue.

1454
02:33:02,560 --> 02:33:08,560
They have ironed out a little here and there,
sometimes so that it doesn't connect.

1455
02:33:08,720 --> 02:33:11,920
Sometimes the local newspaper gets
for the West Bank–

1456
02:33:12,080 --> 02:33:14,720
-not a word about the West Bank.

1457
02:33:14,880 --> 02:33:19,080
Here is a heading
about what's happening in Italy–

1458
02:33:19,240 --> 02:33:25,400
-an explosion in France
and something about executives in Kuwait–

1459
02:33:25,560 --> 02:33:30,520
- but nothing anywhere
about what is happening in the West Bank–

1460
02:33:30,680 --> 02:33:33,480
– which has made headlines around the world.

1461
02:33:33,640 --> 02:33:38,200
When the magazine comes out
it doesn't appear that it is censored.

1462
02:33:38,360 --> 02:33:41,280
It is forbidden
to leave shiny surfaces.

1463
02:33:41,440 --> 02:33:46,160
There is usually an excuse
because material is missing.

1464
02:33:46,320 --> 02:33:50,840
The readership does not know
how heavily cropped the newspaper is.

1465
02:33:51,000 --> 02:33:55,960
They had for tomorrow's issue
a religious philosophical consideration–

1466
02:33:56,120 --> 02:34:01,160
- where the West Bank was not mentioned,
Israel or the occupation–

1467
02:34:01,320 --> 02:34:07,560
- but just talked about the fact that anything is possible
get better - in lush flowery language.

1468
02:34:07,720 --> 02:34:14,880
"Let everyone know that after every
long night comes a dawn."

1469
02:34:15,040 --> 02:34:21,120
“And after months of pregnancy
there will be a new-born child."

1470
02:34:21,280 --> 02:34:26,280
-What happens if you press it?
- Then they can close the newspaper.

1471
02:34:29,640 --> 02:34:33,840
Things that have already been published
in the Hebrew press, radio and television...

1472
02:34:34,000 --> 02:34:36,360
Begin's speech, for example...

1473
02:34:36,520 --> 02:34:41,960
That kind of material also has to go
the censor and may not pass.

1474
02:34:42,120 --> 02:34:45,000
- Are they censoring Begin?
-Yes.

1475
02:34:45,160 --> 02:34:50,320
Things like Begin, Shamir and others
Israeli officials have said.

1476
02:34:50,480 --> 02:34:55,800
So now at midnight they put new ones
articles to fill in the blanks.

1477
02:34:55,960 --> 02:35:00,320
One often prepares for
four magazines to make one.

1478
02:35:00,480 --> 02:35:04,120
Perhaps the most significant is
that this takes place for a time–

1479
02:35:04,280 --> 02:35:08,200
-as Israel talks a lot
on autonomy for the Palestinians.

1480
02:35:08,360 --> 02:35:11,520
They should be allowed to decide locally
over his own life.

1481
02:35:11,680 --> 02:35:17,080
But today, over his local
information, they do not get to decide.

1482
02:35:49,480 --> 02:35:53,960
All of southern Lebanon is now cut off
by the Israeli troops.

1483
02:35:54,120 --> 02:35:58,360
Here Nabatieh is bombed, one of
the stronger strongholds of the Palestinians.

1484
02:35:58,520 --> 02:36:02,400
Today the town has been captured
of the advancing troops.

1485
02:36:02,560 --> 02:36:06,160
But Israel keeps bringing in
more troops in the area.

1486
02:36:06,320 --> 02:36:09,960
The entire coastline
is on fire after the attacks.

1487
02:36:10,760 --> 02:36:16,320
In front of Israel's troops walks one
lemming train of refugees towards Beirut–

1488
02:36:16,480 --> 02:36:19,120
– where it is currently taking place
heavy bombings.

1489
02:36:19,280 --> 02:36:25,040
We are in a cleansing phase–

1490
02:36:25,200 --> 02:36:31,080
– which will continue
until the area is cleaned.

1491
02:36:31,880 --> 02:36:36,920
Now the Israelis control
almost the entire southern half of the country.

1492
02:36:37,080 --> 02:36:42,760
The Israeli forces have today
bombed Palestinian refugee camp–

1493
02:36:42,920 --> 02:36:47,600
-and the headquarters of the Palestinian guerrillas
in the southern parts of Beirut.

1494
02:36:47,760 --> 02:36:51,240
These pictures were taken
by a French television photographer in Beirut–

1495
02:36:51,400 --> 02:36:57,120
– where the Palestinian organization
The PLO headquarters were attacked.

1496
02:37:02,320 --> 02:37:06,480
People are running away, but there is nowhere
to take the road.

1497
02:37:07,600 --> 02:37:12,440
The pictures become shaky. This is
the last pictures of the French photographer.

1498
02:37:12,600 --> 02:37:14,800
In this attack he was killed.

1499
02:37:23,920 --> 02:37:26,680
It is called a ceasefire.

1500
02:37:26,840 --> 02:37:31,240
Ceasefires in the Middle East usually are
like this – it doesn't last at all.

1501
02:37:31,960 --> 02:37:35,840
We asked about injured and killed.
Nobody knew.

1502
02:37:36,000 --> 02:37:41,360
Death was everywhere. That even
smelled dead. So what do the numbers mean?

1503
02:37:41,520 --> 02:37:46,480
But you can see the X-ray image of
a young man standing in his garden–

1504
02:37:46,640 --> 02:37:48,640
-and watched the battles.

1505
02:37:48,800 --> 02:37:51,440
- Will he survive?
- We hope so.

1506
02:37:51,600 --> 02:37:55,920
- We are trying to save his life.
- Did he participate in the battles?

1507
02:37:56,080 --> 02:38:02,520
No, he was just standing in his garden.
He thought he was safe.

1508
02:38:02,680 --> 02:38:07,240
The shot must have come from far away.

1509
02:38:08,200 --> 02:38:12,040
In the midst of all this, you fight.
K-piste patters in the distance.

1510
02:38:12,200 --> 02:38:17,760
Suddenly a prisoner is taken.
He had been hiding for no reason.

1511
02:38:17,920 --> 02:38:22,440
Without reason, one might wonder,
when firing is going on 500 meters away.

1512
02:38:22,600 --> 02:38:25,280
But the prisoners are not allowed to be filmed.

1513
02:38:26,720 --> 02:38:33,080
And the Palestinians who did not flee,
captured or killed, we found here.

1514
02:38:33,240 --> 02:38:39,000
The people who of Arab and Israeli
politics kept in camp for tens of years–

1515
02:38:39,160 --> 02:38:41,440
-now doesn't even have the refugee camp left.

1516
02:38:41,600 --> 02:38:47,400
They sit, eat and sleep
under the trees in an orchard.

1517
02:40:04,480 --> 02:40:09,480
On August 21. First contingent
Palestinians must leave Beirut.

1518
02:40:10,280 --> 02:40:14,480
We have entered a high-rise building
just behind the harbor area.

1519
02:40:14,640 --> 02:40:18,720
The Israeli military
looking out over the harbor–

1520
02:40:18,880 --> 02:40:23,160
-from which Palestinian soldiers
will be evacuated.

1521
02:40:23,320 --> 02:40:27,000
We do our best not to show ourselves–

1522
02:40:27,160 --> 02:40:31,760
– and keep a low profile.

1523
02:40:32,400 --> 02:40:37,160
It is now 11.30, and
the first PLO soldiers evacuate.

1524
02:40:37,320 --> 02:40:40,160
They carry their own weapons.

1525
02:40:40,320 --> 02:40:43,640
They get out of their jeeps,
up towards the Cyprus Line boat–

1526
02:40:43,800 --> 02:40:47,840
– who will bring them
to Larnaca in Cyprus.

1527
02:40:48,000 --> 02:40:53,160
It's hard to say who is who
the victor of the battle of Beirut–

1528
02:40:53,320 --> 02:40:57,880
-one of the strangest military
the operations during the post-war period.

1529
02:41:03,120 --> 02:41:07,840
The Palestinians are now worried
for what will happen.

1530
02:41:08,000 --> 02:41:13,200
All armed men disappear.
What remains are women, children and the elderly.

1531
02:41:13,360 --> 02:41:16,520
They are afraid.
When they can no longer defend themselves–

1532
02:41:16,680 --> 02:41:20,080
-then the night of the long knives breaks out.

1533
02:41:47,760 --> 02:41:52,200
Goldmann has been chairman
in both the World Jewish Congress–

1534
02:41:52,360 --> 02:41:55,400
- as Zionist
world organization.

1535
02:41:55,560 --> 02:41:58,960
It has been said
that without Goldmann, no Israel.

1536
02:41:59,120 --> 02:42:03,040
After the war,
when 80% of Europe's Jews had died–

1537
02:42:03,200 --> 02:42:07,160
– in the Nazi extermination camps
simply because they were Jews–

1538
02:42:07,320 --> 02:42:11,760
-now became Goldmann, Ben-Gurion
and Chaim Weizmann leading–

1539
02:42:11,920 --> 02:42:14,520
–within the world Zionist movement–

1540
02:42:14,680 --> 02:42:17,800
– with the goal
about a Jewish national home.

1541
02:42:17,960 --> 02:42:21,520
Israel should, in my opinion–

1542
02:42:21,680 --> 02:42:24,920
–never having become a state
like other states–

1543
02:42:25,080 --> 02:42:30,240
– such as Sweden, Norway or Lebanon.

1544
02:42:30,400 --> 02:42:33,560
There were always two tendencies
in Zionism:

1545
02:42:33,720 --> 02:42:38,000
Partly Theodor Herzl,
a very assimilated Jew.

1546
02:42:38,160 --> 02:42:42,640
He considered that the language of Israel
would be German.

1547
02:42:42,800 --> 02:42:47,600
So Herzl took over the idea
about a modern democratic state–

1548
02:42:47,760 --> 02:42:50,520
–and made it seem easy.

1549
02:42:51,720 --> 02:42:57,640
On the other hand, we had another
great Zionist ideologue: Ahad Ha'am.

1550
02:42:57,800 --> 02:43:02,920
His name was Asher Ginsburg and was
from Odessa. He was a great thinker.

1551
02:43:03,080 --> 02:43:06,400
He said:
"A state is not of interest to us."

1552
02:43:06,560 --> 02:43:10,520
“The important thing is
to have a spiritual center in Israel."

1553
02:43:10,680 --> 02:43:16,040
Perhaps in the form of a state, because
all peoples in the 20th century had a state.

1554
02:43:16,200 --> 02:43:20,200
But the important thing was
a moral spiritual center.

1555
02:43:20,360 --> 02:43:23,840
A place
created for the Jewish religion.

1556
02:43:24,000 --> 02:43:29,080
Between these two tendencies there were
never seen one within Zionism.

1557
02:43:29,240 --> 02:43:32,960
Today's Israel is primarily Herzl's Zionism:

1558
02:43:33,120 --> 02:43:38,280
A Jewish state, an army that fights
war. That was never intended.

1559
02:43:38,440 --> 02:43:43,280
What Nahum Goldmann counts today
as one of his great successes–

1560
02:43:43,440 --> 02:43:47,960
– was the day he succeeded
convince US President Truman–

1561
02:43:48,120 --> 02:43:52,560
– about the importance of also
a Jewish state was established in Palestine.

1562
02:43:52,720 --> 02:43:57,360
Zionism's greatest sin,
and then I include myself a little...

1563
02:43:57,520 --> 02:44:02,640
I saw the importance of the Arab question
more than others, but did not fight for it.

1564
02:44:02,800 --> 02:44:07,040
I didn't have much influence either.
I was too young.

1565
02:44:07,200 --> 02:44:11,160
And Zionism
other major disaster was–

1566
02:44:11,320 --> 02:44:16,080
-that the formation of the state began
with a war against the Arabs.

1567
02:44:16,960 --> 02:44:21,840
Goldmann has from his independence
position often acted as intermediary–

1568
02:44:22,000 --> 02:44:27,280
-between Israel and groups and countries
with which Israel had no contact.

1569
02:44:27,440 --> 02:44:32,960
To survive, Israel must
accepted by the Arab world.

1570
02:44:33,960 --> 02:44:39,520
If the Arab world refuses to accept
the land, Israel cannot survive.

1571
02:44:40,560 --> 02:44:43,280
The Jews must understand this.

1572
02:44:43,440 --> 02:44:47,560
Begin, with his politics
which he conducted in good faith–

1573
02:44:47,720 --> 02:44:53,280
– saw it as his mission to restore
Israel's historical borders. Nonsense!

1574
02:44:53,440 --> 02:44:56,480
During many periods in history–

1575
02:44:56,640 --> 02:45:00,200
–has the old Jewish state
had different limits.

1576
02:45:00,360 --> 02:45:05,600
With Begin, I see no possibilities
an agreement with the Arab world.

1577
02:45:05,760 --> 02:45:10,200
And Camp David and his half peace
with Egypt is good–

1578
02:45:10,360 --> 02:45:13,680
- but that doesn't solve the problem.

1579
02:45:13,840 --> 02:45:17,600
The Palestinians can form a union
with Jordan–

1580
02:45:17,760 --> 02:45:21,000
–or form an independent state,
but they must decide.

1581
02:45:21,160 --> 02:45:26,840
It should not be decided
by Begin, Reagan or the Egyptians.

1582
02:45:43,120 --> 02:45:46,400
There is no doubt about it
how these people died.

1583
02:45:46,560 --> 02:45:49,440
The bullet holes in the wall clearly show–

1584
02:45:49,600 --> 02:45:53,480
-that they were lined up
and shot with volleys of gunfire.

1585
02:45:53,640 --> 02:45:57,040
When examining the bodies
is it also clear–

1586
02:45:57,200 --> 02:46:01,160
– that some of them
are only young boys.

1587
02:46:22,800 --> 02:46:25,320
Israeli journalists state today–

1588
02:46:25,480 --> 02:46:29,560
- that the government of Israel knew about
that a massacre was going on–

1589
02:46:29,720 --> 02:46:34,440
-in the Palestinian refugee camps
in Beirut, without stopping it.

1590
02:46:34,600 --> 02:46:39,440
Israeli Intelligence Service
should have warned of such a massacre–

1591
02:46:39,600 --> 02:46:43,280
-about Christian militias
were allowed to enter the camps.

1592
02:46:43,440 --> 02:46:48,160
Prime Minister Begin dismisses today
the information as "only lies".

1593
02:46:48,320 --> 02:46:52,120
The killing had already begun
last Thursday evening.

1594
02:46:52,280 --> 02:46:56,280
The militia that shot and stabbed
hundreds of men, women and children–

1595
02:46:56,440 --> 02:46:59,440
-remained in the camps
until Saturday morning.

1596
02:46:59,600 --> 02:47:03,160
And all this
– 1.5 days of pure human slaughter–

1597
02:47:03,320 --> 02:47:08,920
–while Israeli tanks stood
around the camps with cannons aimed inwards.

1598
02:47:09,080 --> 02:47:12,920
American Journalist
James Pringle reports on–

1599
02:47:13,080 --> 02:47:17,200
-how Israeli soldiers held
the Palestinians trapped in a trap.

1600
02:47:17,360 --> 02:47:21,000
Pringle tried to enter
in Camp Sabra while the killing was going on–

1601
02:47:21,160 --> 02:47:25,680
– but was stopped by Israeli soldiers
and men from Major Haddad's militia.

1602
02:47:25,840 --> 02:47:31,080
When he asked Haddad's men what
was going on, they replied, "We will slaughter them."

1603
02:47:31,800 --> 02:47:37,160
The US and Reagan have demanded
that the Israelis leave Beirut.

1604
02:47:37,320 --> 02:47:40,640
Republicans speak out critically
about Begin.

1605
02:47:46,000 --> 02:47:50,360
Opposition leader Shimon Peres
requires an investigation–

1606
02:47:50,520 --> 02:47:55,480
-about what happened in Beirut's refugee-
camp and about who is to blame.

1607
02:47:55,640 --> 02:47:59,080
It became the biggest demonstration
in Israel's history.

1608
02:47:59,240 --> 02:48:03,800
Gone is 10% of the country's population
collected here at once.

1609
02:48:03,960 --> 02:48:06,920
Many have experienced pogroms,
"the Holocaust"–

1610
02:48:07,080 --> 02:48:10,560
– and then cultivated the memory
of the persecution of Jews.

1611
02:48:10,720 --> 02:48:16,200
Now it was Jews who were responsible
for the massacre of Palestinians.

1612
02:48:16,360 --> 02:48:20,920
I saw a picture in the newspaper of a horse–

1613
02:48:21,080 --> 02:48:26,920
-a dead horse, which lay on...

1614
02:48:28,720 --> 02:48:31,920
...dead people.

1615
02:48:33,440 --> 02:48:35,400
It's unbelievable, impossible.

1616
02:48:35,560 --> 02:48:42,640
Sharon found out over the phone, though
they did nothing. They just helped them.

1617
02:48:42,800 --> 02:48:45,720
What should happen
with Begin and Sharon?

1618
02:48:45,880 --> 02:48:51,440
They are directly responsible. They are equal
responsible as those who did it.

1619
02:48:51,600 --> 02:48:54,680
- Do you have to fight for a new government?
-Yes.

1620
02:48:54,840 --> 02:48:56,880
What do you think of Sharon?

1621
02:48:57,040 --> 02:49:00,000
- He's a big bastard...
- Don't say it.

1622
02:49:00,160 --> 02:49:06,280
Today, Israel is guilty in the eyes of the world.
And I agree with the world.

1623
02:49:06,440 --> 02:49:12,240
The world is not against Israel
or has become more anti-Semitic–

1624
02:49:12,400 --> 02:49:19,680
-but Israel gives people a reason
to be against them. And I understand them.

1625
02:49:19,840 --> 02:49:26,400
It's very sad, because I came here
from another country with a lot of hope–

1626
02:49:26,560 --> 02:49:31,720
-but realize that this today
there is a fascist government.

1627
02:49:31,880 --> 02:49:36,360
-How do you see the gathering?
- It is an important expression of opinion.

1628
02:49:36,520 --> 02:49:41,560
Perhaps the largest collection
in our history.

1629
02:49:41,720 --> 02:49:44,640
It's not just party members.

1630
02:49:44,800 --> 02:49:48,800
It shows that there is
a broad public opinion that is not satisfied–

1631
02:49:48,960 --> 02:49:51,840
- with the events of the last few weeks.

1632
02:50:58,920 --> 02:51:06,440
From somewhere in the Mediterranean:
Voice of peace is your voice - around the clock.

1633
02:51:20,960 --> 02:51:24,000
It is ironic that this is a region–

1634
02:51:24,160 --> 02:51:29,160
-where all the prophets who spoke of peace
walked along the shores–

1635
02:51:29,320 --> 02:51:34,320
-if it were Christ,
Muhammad or the Jewish prophets.

1636
02:51:35,960 --> 02:51:39,520
We all knew
that this should have been the region–

1637
02:51:39,680 --> 02:51:43,640
-where people lived
in love, peace and harmony.

1638
02:51:43,800 --> 02:51:47,240
But nowhere else in the world–

1639
02:51:47,400 --> 02:51:54,040
-there is so much hatred, frustration
and fear among people.

1640
02:51:54,200 --> 02:51:59,200
Right now, as the sun goes down,
puts Voice of peace on hiatus–

1641
02:51:59,360 --> 02:52:05,000
– in thirty seconds
in memory of all victims of violence.

1642
02:52:05,160 --> 02:52:10,960
We hope you will join us
in a silent prayer.

1643
02:53:17,360 --> 02:53:22,360
1948, when the war started,
we were surrounded by Israelis.

1644
02:53:22,520 --> 02:53:26,920
We left Dimra
and set out for Gaza.

1645
02:53:28,760 --> 02:53:33,720
Some managed to get to Rimal in Gaza.

1646
02:53:33,880 --> 02:53:37,520
We were a big family
and were very tired–

1647
02:53:37,680 --> 02:53:42,320
- so we didn't get further than Jabalia.
We couldn't go any further.

1648
02:53:42,480 --> 02:53:47,240
My mother and my father were very tired.

1649
02:53:49,680 --> 02:53:55,040
I had six sisters
and we were four brothers.

1650
02:53:55,200 --> 02:53:57,920
We lived on top of each other.

1651
02:54:07,040 --> 02:54:12,760
Every morning we got up
and left us at half past three.

1652
02:54:12,920 --> 02:54:16,240
We hurried to work, from Gaza.

1653
02:54:16,400 --> 02:54:23,480
We jumped on buses that left
to Tel Aviv or Jaffa and worked.

1654
02:54:27,160 --> 02:54:29,320
That's Dimra.

1655
02:54:31,360 --> 02:54:39,160
We lived here. Our fathers and
ancestors too, on the same ground.

1656
02:54:40,000 --> 02:54:45,440
We cultivated the soil
and cultivated orange trees–

1657
02:54:45,600 --> 02:54:53,040
-wheat and barley and had cattle.
We were very happy.

1658
02:54:58,360 --> 02:55:00,600
Around 25.

1659
02:55:00,760 --> 02:55:08,360
Over time you get to know them
and love them, no doubt.

1660
02:55:10,800 --> 02:55:17,200
Here on the farm
Jews and Arabs work together.

1661
02:55:18,200 --> 02:55:24,320
It can be a great example
on peaceful coexistence.

1662
02:55:24,480 --> 02:55:31,600
I see you have cacti.
Was there an Arab village here before 1948?

1663
02:55:31,760 --> 02:55:34,440
Yes, here was an Arab village.

1664
02:55:34,600 --> 02:55:39,240
In this area
mainly Arabs lived there.

1665
02:55:40,120 --> 02:55:45,400
All of us who lived in Dimra, Dayr Suneid,
and Huj were neighbors.

1666
02:55:47,080 --> 02:55:53,120
Here lay Isdood. 3,000 people
lived here until 1948.

1667
02:55:54,120 --> 02:56:01,840
They worked in agriculture. In Isdood
there was a school and a mosque.

1668
02:56:02,000 --> 02:56:08,480
Israel destroyed the villages to erase
all traces of us Palestinians.

1669
02:56:11,160 --> 02:56:17,560
This is our home. Here we live. We are
farmer. I am the son of a farmer.

1670
02:56:17,720 --> 02:56:20,520
I'm probably a farmer most of all.

1671
02:56:20,680 --> 02:56:25,160
Over there is Najd.

1672
02:56:25,320 --> 02:56:29,000
And here Dimra. This is
Muhammed Ayoub's fruit farm.

1673
02:56:29,160 --> 02:56:33,200
Look at his cacti.
They are still there.

1674
02:56:33,360 --> 02:56:35,640
Come on!

1675
02:56:40,640 --> 02:56:42,280
Dad!

1676
02:56:42,440 --> 02:56:46,840
Do you see it, children? Grandpa's village.

1677
02:56:47,000 --> 02:56:51,520
When we were your age we became refugees.

1678
02:56:51,680 --> 02:56:55,720
Now we are old men
and want to see our old village.

1679
02:57:02,960 --> 02:57:07,440
- This is private land. Where are you from?
-From Gaza.

1680
02:57:07,600 --> 02:57:10,360
We have stayed here before.

1681
02:57:10,520 --> 02:57:12,440
-Wait, where?
-Here.

1682
02:57:12,600 --> 02:57:14,520
- Just one thing.
-Yes?

1683
02:57:14,680 --> 02:57:16,720
This is our home.

1684
02:57:16,880 --> 02:57:22,600
Whoever wants to come here
must have our permission.

1685
02:57:22,760 --> 02:57:26,280
Please go to your car
and get out of here.

1686
02:57:26,440 --> 02:57:31,880
We work in Tel Aviv and Jaffa, which is not
is forbidden, but this is it?

1687
02:57:32,040 --> 02:57:34,240
Yes, this is prohibited.

1688
02:57:34,400 --> 02:57:37,800
-Who are you? The government?
- This is my home!

1689
02:57:37,960 --> 02:57:40,040
Is it forbidden?

1690
02:57:40,200 --> 02:57:43,160
- They are guests.
- Are you not allowed to have guests?

1691
02:57:43,320 --> 02:57:46,080
Is it forbidden to receive guests?

1692
02:58:11,040 --> 02:58:14,800
Leader Rabbi Kahane
holding election rally in Jerusalem.

1693
02:58:14,960 --> 02:58:18,200
Established parties
wanted to ban Kach–

1694
02:58:18,360 --> 02:58:21,240
– but did not receive support
by the Supreme Court.

1695
02:58:21,400 --> 02:58:26,080
Kach takes a seat in the Knesset
with a clearly racist program.

1696
02:58:26,240 --> 02:58:32,120
I want the Arabs to leave the country.
They are a cancer in our midst.

1697
02:58:32,280 --> 02:58:35,960
They loathe us.
They want a Palestine, not an Israel.

1698
02:58:36,120 --> 02:58:39,920
I want them to live in their own country
and that we live in our

1699
02:58:40,080 --> 02:58:42,880
-How then?
- It depends on how.

1700
02:58:43,040 --> 02:58:47,480
They have no right to be here!

1701
02:58:47,640 --> 02:58:51,480
They have to get out of here!

1702
02:58:51,640 --> 02:58:55,200
They must be deported!

1703
02:58:57,760 --> 02:59:01,640
Kahane has his main support
among Jews from Arab countries.

1704
02:59:01,800 --> 02:59:05,920
The ones a few years ago
was seen as a tragic collection–

1705
02:59:06,080 --> 02:59:09,320
-is now a political force
that shakes Israel.

1706
02:59:09,480 --> 02:59:12,880
The followers are young,
often poorly educated.

1707
02:59:13,040 --> 02:59:18,480
No, they don't know Schopenhauer
or Hegel, but Arabs on the other hand.

1708
02:59:18,640 --> 02:59:23,240
They have been raised on the streets.

1709
02:59:23,400 --> 02:59:29,480
The average taxi driver
has more common sense than anyone in the Knesset.

1710
02:59:29,640 --> 02:59:34,040
They are the future.
If we give the Arabs democracy–

1711
02:59:34,200 --> 02:59:39,120
-do they have the right to have so many children
that they constitute a majority.

1712
02:59:39,280 --> 02:59:44,320
Then they turn this into Palestine.
Not through war, but through children.

1713
02:59:44,480 --> 02:59:49,560
I have been saying this for 15 years. Zionism and
Western democracy does not work together.

1714
02:59:53,480 --> 02:59:58,000
Opinion polls conducted here
has shocked democrats in Israel.

1715
02:59:58,160 --> 03:00:02,840
Trust in quick, simple solutions,
to strong men is big in the schools.

1716
03:00:03,000 --> 03:00:05,600
Confidence in democracy is low.

1717
03:00:05,760 --> 03:00:11,080
Much depends on the generation
who grew up after the war in 1967–

1718
03:00:11,240 --> 03:00:16,000
–in a state that was used to governing–

1719
03:00:16,160 --> 03:00:19,840
-over a large number of Arab persons.

1720
03:00:20,000 --> 03:00:25,240
They were used to double standards.
Democracy for Jews, but not for Arabs.

1721
03:00:25,400 --> 03:00:30,080
They grew up in an environment
with wealth and power–

1722
03:00:30,240 --> 03:00:35,160
-and doesn't live like mine
or my parents' generation–

1723
03:00:35,320 --> 03:00:42,440
– who are more humble and have ideals.
We came here with a lot of ideals.

1724
03:00:58,760 --> 03:01:02,480
After almost ten hours
on the Israeli sailboat–

1725
03:01:02,640 --> 03:01:07,080
- the hijackers suddenly gave up
without getting their demands through.

1726
03:01:07,240 --> 03:01:10,360
On the deck they left a dead woman.

1727
03:01:10,520 --> 03:01:17,280
No one knew then that the two Israelis
the men lay shot to death inside the boat.

1728
03:01:20,200 --> 03:01:24,600
Six Israeli bombers
destroyed the PLO headquarters in Tunis.

1729
03:01:24,760 --> 03:01:28,440
At least 50 people were killed,
many of whom are Tunisian civilians.

1730
03:01:28,600 --> 03:01:32,120
PLO leader Arafat
was nearby–

1731
03:01:32,280 --> 03:01:36,240
– but escaped unscathed
and wanders around in the ruins.

1732
03:01:36,400 --> 03:01:40,240
It's a revenge
for last week's attack in Cyprus–

1733
03:01:40,400 --> 03:01:44,240
-when three Israelis were murdered
of Palestinians "from the PLO".

1734
03:01:44,400 --> 03:01:49,200
Our air force flew
the long distance of 240 miles–

1735
03:01:49,360 --> 03:01:56,120
–and bombed the PLO headquarters,
who had committed an act of terrorism.

1736
03:02:00,680 --> 03:02:05,120
Italian luxury cruiser Achille Lauro
supposed to have docked at Port Said.

1737
03:02:05,280 --> 03:02:11,160
One American was killed before the hijackers
gave up late this afternoon.

1738
03:02:11,320 --> 03:02:13,960
They didn't get along very well.

1739
03:02:14,120 --> 03:02:17,880
One isolated us,
another took us out again.

1740
03:02:18,040 --> 03:02:22,200
They drove all the time
with some propaganda like:

1741
03:02:22,360 --> 03:02:27,880
"Reagan, not good. Arafat, good."

1742
03:02:29,480 --> 03:02:33,560
Did you know anything beforehand?
about the hijacking of Achille Lauro?

1743
03:02:33,720 --> 03:02:38,080
Absolutely not.
Why do you ask that question?

1744
03:02:39,440 --> 03:02:42,360
- But...
- They do not belong to the PLO.

1745
03:02:42,520 --> 03:02:45,640
We have condemned it. We are against it.

1746
03:02:47,440 --> 03:02:52,520
At 09.15 this morning they went to
attack at the airport outside Rome.

1747
03:02:52,680 --> 03:02:57,160
The target was the Israeli airline
El Al's check-in desk.

1748
03:02:57,320 --> 03:02:59,920
The assassins threw hand grenades–

1749
03:03:00,080 --> 03:03:03,720
-and then started shooting wildly
around him, according to eyewitnesses.

1750
03:03:03,880 --> 03:03:07,120
-What do I remember seeing?
-Yes.

1751
03:03:07,280 --> 03:03:10,960
Myself in a pool of blood,
that's all i remember.

1752
03:03:12,400 --> 03:03:18,760
At the same time, three men attacked
at Vienna International Airport.

1753
03:03:31,480 --> 03:03:35,080
Yitzhak Shamir on his way
to the Prime Minister in Jerusalem–

1754
03:03:35,240 --> 03:03:39,320
– to discuss
how he will become prime minister.

1755
03:03:39,480 --> 03:03:44,000
In the meantime, two were thrown away
hand grenades on a group of soldiers–

1756
03:03:44,160 --> 03:03:47,760
– in the parking lot
outside the Wailing Wall last night.

1757
03:03:47,920 --> 03:03:50,720
One dead and around 70 injured.

1758
03:04:01,880 --> 03:04:07,120
I'm sure those who threw
the shells at the Wailing Wall yesterday–

1759
03:04:07,280 --> 03:04:10,440
-played Israeli extremists
in the hands–

1760
03:04:10,600 --> 03:04:15,760
-just as they play the Palestinian ones
the extremists right in the hands.

1761
03:04:15,920 --> 03:04:21,760
It only strengthens the conclusion
that there is no solution–

1762
03:04:21,920 --> 03:04:27,120
-on the Middle East conflict
using military force.

1763
03:04:27,280 --> 03:04:31,240
So to give back and take revenge
does not solve the problem?

1764
03:04:31,400 --> 03:04:37,000
No, but I don't think so
that the Israelis should act "Christian"–

1765
03:04:37,160 --> 03:04:40,520
-and turn the other cheek.

1766
03:04:40,680 --> 03:04:46,600
But it cannot be suppressed
The Palestine issue. It must be resolved.

1767
03:04:46,760 --> 03:04:52,640
Likewise, the Palestinians can
nor oppress Israel.

1768
03:05:15,000 --> 03:05:18,800
Actually, the peace and quiet
the most typical.

1769
03:05:18,960 --> 03:05:21,440
20 years after the Six Day War–

1770
03:05:21,600 --> 03:05:25,240
- the occupation has become commonplace
on the West Bank.

1771
03:05:25,400 --> 03:05:28,640
Normally needed
fewer than 1,000 Israeli soldiers–

1772
03:05:28,800 --> 03:05:33,400
–to control 1.5 million
Palestinians under occupation.

1773
03:05:34,640 --> 03:05:37,760
At regular intervals
unrest flares up.

1774
03:05:37,920 --> 03:05:41,040
Mostly demonstrations
and stone throwing.

1775
03:05:48,280 --> 03:05:52,320
Tens of thousands have over 20 years
Palestinians imprisoned.

1776
03:05:52,480 --> 03:05:54,880
Throwing stones can give 10-15 years.

1777
03:05:55,040 --> 03:05:58,320
Just being in the PLO
can result in a couple of years in prison.

1778
03:05:58,480 --> 03:06:02,520
Israel pays a low price
for their occupation.

1779
03:06:02,680 --> 03:06:05,760
The Palestinians are divided
and poorly motivated–

1780
03:06:05,920 --> 03:06:08,840
- and they lack leaders in the West Bank.

1781
03:06:10,080 --> 03:06:13,160
Gaza is called "the forgotten territory".

1782
03:06:13,320 --> 03:06:18,280
But all the West Bank's problems exist
also here. Most often they are more serious.

1783
03:06:18,440 --> 03:06:22,560
Gaza is poorer,
more backward and more religious.

1784
03:06:22,720 --> 03:06:25,640
Restaurants are burned here
which serves beer.

1785
03:06:25,800 --> 03:06:29,360
At the university you teach
that Darwin was wrong.

1786
03:06:29,520 --> 03:06:34,960
And the resistance against the Israelis
has received a completely new direction.

1787
03:06:35,120 --> 03:06:43,000
People have no other choice
than choosing the path of jihad and struggle.

1788
03:06:43,160 --> 03:06:48,640
All other doors are permanently closed.

1789
03:06:48,800 --> 03:06:54,920
Our blood and our soul we sacrifice
for you, Palestine!

1790
03:07:16,480 --> 03:07:19,000
It began in Gaza on December 8–

1791
03:07:19,160 --> 03:07:22,520
-with a spontaneous rebellion
without visible leaders.

1792
03:07:22,680 --> 03:07:26,000
An Israeli army vehicle
drove over four Arabs.

1793
03:07:26,160 --> 03:07:30,480
It was the spark that was needed
to ignite the powder keg.

1794
03:07:32,200 --> 03:07:35,720
The revolt in Gaza
met with tear gas and batons–

1795
03:07:35,880 --> 03:07:40,240
- but also with rifle bullets
from Israel's security forces.

1796
03:07:40,400 --> 03:07:43,560
The first fatality
became an eleven-year-old boy.

1797
03:07:48,720 --> 03:07:53,880
Today's unrest was the worst
for over ten years in Jerusalem.

1798
03:07:54,040 --> 03:07:58,640
The revolt that started in the poor
Gaza almost two weeks ago–

1799
03:07:58,800 --> 03:08:04,040
-led by school children and teenagers.
But the adults show their solidarity–

1800
03:08:04,200 --> 03:08:08,400
– by striking
and close their stores.

1801
03:08:08,560 --> 03:08:11,840
Today in Jerusalem
shot the soldiers in the air–

1802
03:08:12,000 --> 03:08:17,320
- and the tumult continued for several
hours while tear gas lay over the city.

1803
03:08:26,040 --> 03:08:32,160
We intend to clarify
that violence and terror lead to nothing.

1804
03:08:32,320 --> 03:08:35,200
Only to more suffering for themselves.

1805
03:08:41,480 --> 03:08:46,320
While the body count continues
sits the government of Israel paralyzed–

1806
03:08:46,480 --> 03:08:50,880
– of strong internal contradictions
about how the crisis should be resolved.

1807
03:08:51,040 --> 03:08:55,600
Prime Minister Shamir warned today
United Nations to adopt a resolution–

1808
03:08:55,760 --> 03:08:58,720
- which condemns Israel's actions.

1809
03:08:58,880 --> 03:09:02,200
Such a resolution
strengthens the terrorists, Shamir said–

1810
03:09:02,360 --> 03:09:07,000
–which calls on the US to block
the resolution with its veto.

1811
03:09:08,840 --> 03:09:12,120
Yesterday, the United States cast its vote
in the UN Security Council–

1812
03:09:12,280 --> 03:09:16,800
- when it with 14 votes to zero
condemned Israel's recent efforts.

1813
03:09:21,400 --> 03:09:25,320
For the Palestinian people
is this a heavy Christmas.

1814
03:09:25,480 --> 03:09:29,080
The Christmas present you received
are more soldiers on the streets–

1815
03:09:29,240 --> 03:09:31,880
- and promises of tougher measures.

1816
03:09:36,840 --> 03:09:40,600
No young people choose to serve here,
they are ordered here.

1817
03:09:40,760 --> 03:09:44,000
The shootings have preceded–

1818
03:09:44,160 --> 03:09:50,160
– of young boys feeling crowded
by a stone-throwing crowd.

1819
03:09:50,320 --> 03:09:53,560
They shoot in pure terror.
Not against the legs–

1820
03:09:53,720 --> 03:09:57,120
-without blindly, right into the crowd.

1821
03:09:58,400 --> 03:10:00,880
Karin Loewe is 17 years old.

1822
03:10:01,040 --> 03:10:04,080
She, like all women,
do two years of military service.

1823
03:10:04,240 --> 03:10:08,960
She emphasizes her will to defend,
but refuses to become an occupation soldier.

1824
03:10:09,120 --> 03:10:15,080
This situation
is very dangerous and immoral.

1825
03:10:15,240 --> 03:10:22,600
When we rule a people
we are not only acting wrongly towards them.

1826
03:10:22,760 --> 03:10:27,440
They are not exempt
and do not have the same rights as us.

1827
03:10:27,600 --> 03:10:30,400
We also destroy ourselves.

1828
03:10:30,560 --> 03:10:35,840
A soldier sent to the territories
and learn to hit people–

1829
03:10:36,000 --> 03:10:39,160
–then comes back home to Israel–

1830
03:10:39,320 --> 03:10:45,480
- and then he can't forget
all the violence he has experienced.

1831
03:11:38,600 --> 03:11:40,800
But I saw no stones.

1832
03:11:40,960 --> 03:11:44,200
I didn't see any rocks. Why were they arrested?

1833
03:11:45,520 --> 03:11:47,760
We have...

1834
03:11:47,920 --> 03:11:52,720
The father said they were arrested
just when I arrived.

1835
03:11:52,880 --> 03:11:57,880
Colonel, you should look at this.
This is not good, not good at all.

1836
03:12:00,280 --> 03:12:03,200
The rebellion has cost many lives–

1837
03:12:03,360 --> 03:12:07,640
-but the intifada has too
left a deep mark on Israeli society.

1838
03:12:07,800 --> 03:12:12,080
Ada lives in Jerusalem.
She makes a living as a cleaner.

1839
03:12:12,240 --> 03:12:16,480
The same month the intifada began
she joined a peace group:

1840
03:12:16,640 --> 03:12:22,760
The women in black. Every Friday
they demonstrate against the occupation.

1841
03:12:22,920 --> 03:12:27,640
At first it was horrible.
The Intifada was simply horrific.

1842
03:12:27,800 --> 03:12:33,560
The violence it provoked in it
Israeli society was terrifying.

1843
03:12:33,720 --> 03:12:41,120
Some are offended that we care,
but it also affects people.

1844
03:13:29,480 --> 03:13:32,000
How does it happen?
that you know Swedish?

1845
03:13:32,160 --> 03:13:35,880
I have lived in Uppsala
for about three years.

1846
03:13:36,040 --> 03:13:40,200
And now you live here in the camp?
Tell me what happened last night.

1847
03:13:40,360 --> 03:13:45,440
It happens every night. Soldiers
comes in the evening when everyone is asleep.

1848
03:13:45,600 --> 03:13:50,120
But they don't really sleep.
The soldiers knock on the door.

1849
03:13:50,280 --> 03:13:53,760
All the guys are scared.
No one wants to open the door for them.

1850
03:13:53,920 --> 03:13:57,080
Then they break it
all doors and windows.

1851
03:13:57,240 --> 03:14:02,000
They want to force people to open up
the doors. It is very dangerous.

1852
03:14:02,160 --> 03:14:06,720
They beat all the children, all the women,
all guys. It's awful.

1853
03:14:06,880 --> 03:14:11,240
-Do you also hear the soldiers at night?
- Yes, every night.

1854
03:14:11,400 --> 03:14:14,760
We hear what happens every night.
Everyone screams.

1855
03:14:41,360 --> 03:14:46,840
Stockholm. In an apartment eat
the Jewish family Rokem dinner.

1856
03:14:47,000 --> 03:14:50,160
Freddie Rokem,
born and raised in Sweden–

1857
03:14:50,320 --> 03:14:53,000
-have lived for the past 20 years
in Israel.

1858
03:14:53,160 --> 03:14:57,440
Now he is in Sweden for a year
together with their children.

1859
03:14:57,600 --> 03:15:01,640
They are worried about
development in their home country.

1860
03:15:01,800 --> 03:15:06,960
I'm a little scared when we arrive
back to Israel in six months–

1861
03:15:07,120 --> 03:15:09,200
– that it will continue.

1862
03:15:09,360 --> 03:15:13,160
I talked to some comrades.

1863
03:15:13,320 --> 03:15:19,200
As a more liberal person
I don't like what's happening now–

1864
03:15:19,360 --> 03:15:22,000
– even if it is my country.

1865
03:15:22,160 --> 03:15:25,640
It is important to keep the peace with them.

1866
03:15:25,800 --> 03:15:31,840
- You can give them a country under...
- It is difficult.

1867
03:15:32,000 --> 03:15:35,440
- Provided.
- That we have peace with them.

1868
03:15:35,600 --> 03:15:40,720
We only get worse
and killing them more and more.

1869
03:15:40,880 --> 03:15:45,600
Then they do the same thing.

1870
03:15:45,760 --> 03:15:50,800
They are also getting worse and worse
and kills us much more.

1871
03:16:10,920 --> 03:16:14,600
On the West Bank was shot today
two young Palestinians dead.

1872
03:16:14,760 --> 03:16:18,560
It is unclear if it was
of soldiers or civilians.

1873
03:16:18,720 --> 03:16:24,680
Upset settlers have recently
been involved in several incidents–

1874
03:16:24,840 --> 03:16:30,680
-after a settler was injured yesterday
when a petrol bomb hit his car.

1875
03:16:56,960 --> 03:17:01,960
Why don't you condemn the treatment
of Palestinians in occupied territory?

1876
03:17:02,120 --> 03:17:08,760
Shooting unarmed protesters,
kill children and bury people alive.

1877
03:17:08,920 --> 03:17:11,000
And I have a follow-up question.

1878
03:17:11,160 --> 03:17:16,600
Helen, we have spoken to the government there.

1879
03:17:16,760 --> 03:17:20,880
We have also talked
with the Palestinian leaders–

1880
03:17:21,040 --> 03:17:25,920
- because it is clear that the riots
are not only spontaneous and local.

1881
03:17:26,080 --> 03:17:29,680
Who exactly are you criticizing when you say–

1882
03:17:29,840 --> 03:17:34,240
-that the riots are not local
or spontaneous?

1883
03:17:35,400 --> 03:17:38,400
We have had...

1884
03:17:39,600 --> 03:17:45,440
It's a bit difficult for me, because there is
some things i shouldn't say.

1885
03:17:45,600 --> 03:17:49,880
But we've had hints of–

1886
03:17:50,040 --> 03:17:54,680
-that there have been certain people,
terrorists, outsiders–

1887
03:17:54,840 --> 03:18:00,800
–who come in with guns and
encouraging unrest in the areas.

1888
03:18:00,960 --> 03:18:06,560
And it is
one of the hardest parts about this.

1889
03:18:11,760 --> 03:18:15,080
We see a recording
with a young psychology student.

1890
03:18:15,240 --> 03:18:19,280
He came out of his house
in his village in the morning.

1891
03:18:19,440 --> 03:18:25,040
He was shot with rubber bullets
at close range, five–six meters.

1892
03:18:26,080 --> 03:18:32,280
They are called rubber balls, but inside there is
a steel core weighing about 11 grams.

1893
03:18:33,680 --> 03:18:39,960
When the bullet hits the skin, the rubber is stopped,
but the metal ball continues in.

1894
03:18:40,120 --> 03:18:43,280
He was shot in the lower lip.

1895
03:18:43,440 --> 03:18:47,680
The rubber stayed on the outside,
but the metal core continued–

1896
03:18:47,840 --> 03:18:52,760
– and broke five teeth in the upper jaw
and three in the lower jaw.

1897
03:18:52,920 --> 03:19:00,600
The method they use leads to
that Israel sows violent hatred.

1898
03:19:00,760 --> 03:19:02,840
Both in children and adults.

1899
03:19:03,000 --> 03:19:07,600
The children never forget it and
will tell it to their children.

1900
03:19:07,760 --> 03:19:10,120
Which patients do you remember?

1901
03:19:12,480 --> 03:19:16,040
I remember them all
and never forget them.

1902
03:19:35,200 --> 03:19:37,440
This is our "arm".

1903
03:19:37,600 --> 03:19:43,040
This is my arm, but also mine
weapons. My weapon against the Israelis.

1904
03:19:43,200 --> 03:19:46,240
I am not afraid to die for Palestine.

1905
03:19:46,400 --> 03:19:52,400
If I can make big sacrifices
so that we are freed from the grip of the Zionists.

1906
03:19:52,560 --> 03:19:57,480
It is required that every citizen,
every palestinian–

1907
03:19:57,640 --> 03:20:04,400
-and everyone who sees themselves as Palestinian
sacrifices himself for his homeland.

1908
03:20:37,280 --> 03:20:43,440
And our decision is to continue
until the occupation ends.

1909
03:20:43,600 --> 03:20:46,200
Wave after wave.

1910
03:20:48,800 --> 03:20:55,320
Can you say that the "revolt of the stones"
have made a definite move?

1911
03:20:55,480 --> 03:21:00,680
Yes, it has broken the status quo. That
Israel has maintained throughout.

1912
03:21:00,840 --> 03:21:05,520
It has broken the status quo
and the Palestinians have the initiative.

1913
03:21:05,680 --> 03:21:09,080
Even about Arafat in the interview
gave the impression of–

1914
03:21:09,240 --> 03:21:12,440
- that the PLO controlled the whole thing from the beginning.
It is doubtful.

1915
03:21:12,600 --> 03:21:15,640
You can also see it
as a revolt against the PLO–

1916
03:21:15,800 --> 03:21:19,800
-and the inability of the Arab world
to resolve this issue.

1917
03:21:25,960 --> 03:21:31,760
A 16-year-old boy was killed today,
20 other Palestinians were wounded.

1918
03:21:31,920 --> 03:21:36,480
Among the wounded was a girl
which here is taken to a car.

1919
03:21:39,680 --> 03:21:44,480
The girl's upset relatives wanted
to the hospital as quickly as possible.

1920
03:21:44,640 --> 03:21:49,120
The Israeli soldiers
stands in the way.

1921
03:21:49,280 --> 03:21:54,760
For them, it is more important to interrogate
bystanders than the girl receiving care.

1922
03:21:56,560 --> 03:22:00,960
And as usual:
A soldier prevents further filming.

1923
03:23:14,680 --> 03:23:21,520
Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Arafat,
chairman of the PLO board.

1924
03:23:21,680 --> 03:23:29,400
His Excellency Yitzhak Rabin, of Israel
Prime Minister, as well as the President of the United States.

1925
03:23:29,560 --> 03:23:31,680
So they got there together.

1926
03:23:31,840 --> 03:23:36,600
Yesterday enemies, today agreed
to try to live in peace with each other.

1927
03:23:36,760 --> 03:23:41,680
They stood there together on the podium
outside the White House in the sunshine–

1928
03:23:41,840 --> 03:23:45,960
- and the whole world outside
looked on in wonder.

1929
03:23:48,120 --> 03:23:51,720
The audience held their breath
before the signing.

1930
03:23:51,880 --> 03:23:54,920
First Israel's Foreign Minister,
Shimon Peres.

1931
03:23:55,080 --> 03:24:00,520
Then for the PLO: Mahmud Abbas.
But then came the jubilation.

1932
03:24:05,120 --> 03:24:11,320
It rose further when the old
enemies Arafat and Rabin finally–

1933
03:24:11,480 --> 03:24:16,200
– though perhaps not so heartily,
shook hands with each other.

1934
03:24:17,920 --> 03:24:25,480
The fight for peace, ladies and
gentlemen, is the hardest battle of our lives.

1935
03:24:25,640 --> 03:24:29,840
And it deserves it
all our efforts–

1936
03:24:30,000 --> 03:24:34,840
–for the land of peace–

1937
03:24:35,000 --> 03:24:40,120
– longing for a fair one
and comprehensive peace.

1938
03:24:40,280 --> 03:24:45,640
We who have fought against you Palestinians–

1939
03:24:45,800 --> 03:24:51,640
-we say to you today, loud and clear:

1940
03:24:51,800 --> 03:24:56,360
Enough blood and tears now!
Now that's enough!

1941
03:25:08,520 --> 03:25:12,000
Subtitles: Anders Kaage
Swedish media text for SVT

1942
03:25:12,160 --> 03:25:16,160
Translation: A. Blombergsson,
M. Kapla, R. Morra and L. Rossi
Swedish media text for SVT